Metal storage cabinets are a popular choice for many homes and offices due to their durability, security, and customizability. But what exactly are common metal storage cabinets made from? The materials can vary depending on the quality, usage, and specific design of the cabinet. Here is an overview of the most common metals and materials used in modern metal storage cabinet construction.
Steel
Steel is by far the most common metal used to construct metal storage cabinets. Steel is relatively affordable while also being very durable and rigid. There are a few main types of steel used:
Cold-Rolled Steel
This is the most affordable and thinnest type of steel. It is made by rolling steel through a mill at room temperature. Cold-rolled steel is durable but can dent or deform more easily than thicker steels. So it is mostly used for the sides, backs, tops and bottoms of cabinets.
Hot-Rolled Steel
Slightly thicker than cold-rolled, hot-rolled steel is made by rolling steel at high temperatures, which makes the steel stronger and more rigid. Hot-rolled steel is commonly used for shelves, doors, and drawers.
Stainless Steel
More expensive than regular steel but extremely durable against rust and corrosion. Stainless steel contains chromium to resist rust. It is commonly used for cabinets meant for garages, workshops, and other moist areas.
Iron
Wrought iron and cast iron were very common traditional cabinet materials, but steel has replaced iron for most modern cabinets. However, antique-style iron cabinets are still available. Iron is heavier and more rigid than steel but can rust more easily.
Aluminum
A lighter metal sometimes used for specialty cabinets, like IT server racks. Aluminum resists rust and is non-magnetic. But steel is stronger and often more cost-effective for general use.
Metal Gauge
The thickness or “gauge” of steel used also impacts its strength and cost. Thinner steel is cheaper but dents more easily. Thicker steel is more durable but heavier and pricier. Common gauges are 20, 18, 16, and 14 – lower numbers indicate thicker steel. Most cabinets range from 18 to 22 gauge steel.
Laminates and Veneers
While metal forms the underlying structure, many cabinets have decorative laminate coatings or wood veneers for aesthetics. Common laminates are plastic, vinyl, or melamine. Veneers can be wood, marble, stone, etc. These provide a nicer appearance at lower cost than solid materials.
Hardware
Hinges, handles, locks, and other hardware are usually made from durable metals like steel, aluminum, or wrought iron. Some higher end cabinets may use brass hardware. Locks can be keyed, combination, or electronic.
Common Uses
Now that we’ve reviewed the main materials, here are some typical uses for metal storage cabinets based on their properties:
- General Home Use – Typically cold rolled or hot rolled steel with laminate or veneer exteriors in lighter gauges like 20-22. Provides affordable durability for garage, laundry, and other utility rooms.
- Workshops and Garages – Favor thicker hot rolled steel, stainless steel, or powder coated steel for enhanced durability. Stores tools, chemicals, paints, and other hazardous items securely.
- Offices – Trend toward thinner cold rolled steel with laminate exteriors in attractive colors for filing cabinets, supply cabinets etc. Emphasize looks and functionality over ruggedness.
- Server/IT Rooms – Strong, secure cabinets often made of thicker steel or aluminum to protect sensitive computer servers and electronics. Emphasize fireproofing and ventilation.
- Industrial/Commercial Use – Very rugged thick steel or stainless steel cabinets in factories, auto shops, schools, and other high-traffic institutional settings. Made to endure constant heavy usage.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some common questions about the materials used to construct metal storage cabinets:
Is cold rolled or hot rolled steel better for cabinets?
Hot rolled steel is stronger and more durable due to being thicker. But cold rolled steel is adequate for most general home/office use. Choose hot rolled for demanding industrial uses.
What gauge steel is best?
18-20 gauge steel provides the best balance of affordability and durability for most cabinets. Go with 16-18 gauge for greater strength, or 22-24 for lighter weight needs.
Why choose steel over wood cabinets?
Steel is more durable, fire-resistant, weather/rust resistant, and customizable than wood. But wood can offer a warmer, classier aesthetic. Choose based on your functional needs and style preferences.
Should I choose stainless steel or powder coated cabinets?
Stainless steel resists corrosion and rust longer. But powder coated steel costs less while still offering good durability. Consider your budget and exposure to moisture/elements.
What metals should be avoided for cabinets?
Lead, magnesium and zinc alloys should be avoided as they dent, oxidize or degrade easier than steel, aluminum or iron over time with use.
Do more expensive/thicker metals always mean better quality cabinets?
Not always – thickness and materials should match the intended use case. Ultra-thick steel for a home office is overkill and needlessly expensive. Let your actual needs guide material choice.
How can I tell if my cabinets are good quality?
Look for uniform welds, straight cuts, aligned doors/drawers, durable hinges/locks, strong corner joints, smooth laminate finish, and sufficient thickness/gauge for the intended use. Avoid major dents or defects.
Conclusion
Metal storage cabinets come in many configurations to suit a variety of needs. But in most cases, steel is the primary material used to provide an optimal balance of strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness. The thickness and grade of steel along with decorative laminates and quality hardware determine the quality and functionality of metal cabinets. Carefully evaluate your needs and usage requirements when selecting cabinet materials to get the ideal blend of performance and value. With their versatile durability and security, it’s clear why metal cabinets have been a staple of homes, garages, and offices for generations.