Installing an outdoor security camera is a great way to monitor your property and enhance your home’s security. With the right placement and wiring, an outdoor camera can provide 24/7 surveillance around your home’s perimeter and capture clear footage day and night. This guide will walk you through the entire process of wiring an outdoor security camera for power and connectivity.

What You’ll Need

Before you begin wiring your outdoor security camera, make sure you have all of the necessary materials and tools:

Outdoor security camera – Your specific camera model will determine wiring needs. Check requirements before starting.
Power source – You’ll need a nearby electrical outlet or wiring for a low-voltage DC power supply.
Coaxial cable – For analog cameras without WiFi, 75-ohm RG59 Siamese coaxial cable.
Ethernet cable – For IP/network cameras, Cat5e or Cat6 Ethernet cable.
WiFi extender – If your WiFi doesn’t reach the camera location.
Wire strippers – To strip wires and terminals.
Cable cutters – To cut cables to length.
Crimping tool – To attach terminals to cables.
Electrical tape – To weatherproof outdoor connections.
Mounting hardware – Brackets, screws, masonry anchors to mount camera.
Drill and drill bits – To drill cable entry holes and mount camera.
Optional: Conduit, junction boxes, RJ45 wall jacks, patch cables, cable staples.

Choosing a Location

When deciding where to mount your outdoor security camera, consider these factors:

Field of view – The camera should cover any doors, gates, driveways or other areas you want to monitor. Check the camera specs for the viewing angle.
Lighting – Ensure the area has adequate lighting for night viewing, or select a camera with low light or night vision capabilities.
Power source – You’ll need an existing outdoor electrical outlet within reach or will have to wire power to the location.
WiFi connectivity – For wireless cameras, check that you have sufficient WiFi signal strength in the desired mounting area.
Mounting surface – Look for a sturdy wall or eave that provides a clear view of the area you wish to cover.
Camera height – Mounting the camera at eave level provides a wider field of view versus mounting lower on a wall.
Outdoor rated – Any wiring or equipment must be rated for outdoor use with weatherproofing.

Wiring a Power Source

Outdoor security cameras require a nearby power source to operate. This usually involves one of three options:

Using an Existing GFCI Outlet

If you already have an outdoor electrical outlet close to the planned camera mounting location, this provides the most convenient way to power the camera.

Use an outdoor-rated extension cord to connect the camera if the outlet is within reach.
For outlets farther away, run a new outdoor-rated power cable from the outlet to the camera location.
Outdoor outlets should be GFCI protected for safety.

Installing a New Wired Connection

If no outlet exists near the camera, consider routing new wires from an indoor outlet to the planned camera location:

Use 14/2 or 12/2 gauge exterior electrical wire.
Drill entry holes through walls/ceiling for wired entry using grommets.
Employ junction boxes to connect wires if pulling through conduit.
Use weatherproof conduit for surface wiring along walls.
Terminate the wiring in a weatherproof electrical box at the camera mounting area.
A permit may be required for any substantial new wiring – check local regulations.

Using Low Voltage Power

For simpler installations, low voltage DC power adapters can provide power:

Best for shorter wire runs up to 100 ft or so.
Often 12V or 24V DC at 1 or 2A.
Uses smaller gauge 2-conductor cable like 18/2 thermostat wire.
Transformer plugs into any indoor outlet.
Low voltage wiring does not require conduit.

Connecting Power Wires

Refer to the specific camera’s installation manual for wiring instructions.
Typically, you connect the power adapter or electrical wires to the two screw terminals on the camera base.
Ensure polarity is correct – improper connections can damage the camera.
Weatherproof all outdoor electrical splices with silicone sealant.
Use mounting hardware to securely attach the camera in position facing the area to be monitored.

Running Video Cable to the Camera

Outdoor security cameras require cable runs for transmitting video back the recorder or monitor:

Analog Cameras

Require RG59 Siamese coaxial cable, each with a BNC video connector.
Typically need cable runs up to 300ft, depending on video resolution.
Route cables through walls and ceilings with grommets and conduits.
Cables can be surface mounted along eaves and beams using staples.
Install BNC wall plate at indoor monitor for easy connections.
Connect video cables point-to-point from camera to monitor location.

IP Network Cameras

Use Cat5e or Cat6 Ethernet cable for network video connections.
Outdoor-rated cables can be run up to 300ft depending on cable quality.
Feed cables into the building to connect with routers or network video recorders (NVRs).
Install RJ45 wall jacks and patch cables for simple plug-in connections.
For longer runs, use Ethernet over coax adapters with RG59 Siamese coax.

Wireless Cameras

Verify WiFi signal strength is adequate at the camera’s mounting location.
If the signal is weak, install a outdoor WiFi range extender near the camera.
For best connectivity, install external antenna WiFi adapters on both camera and router.
Adjust the direction of antennas to achieve the strongest signal connection.

Connecting Ethernet and WiFi

Follow these steps to get your wired or wireless IP security camera online:

Connect Ethernet – Use Cat5e/Cat6 cables to plug the camera’s RJ45 port to routers or switches.
Configure WiFi – Enter your wireless SSID and password into the camera’s software interface when setting up.
Assign IP address – Cameras usually pull IP addresses automatically from DHCP servers on networks.
Enable remote access – Forward the camera’s HTTP and RTSP ports in your router firewall settings.
Test connection – Verify you can access the camera’s web interface from your computer before mounting.
Download mobile apps – View your camera remotely from iOS and Android devices.
Check streaming – Confirm smooth video feeds to networked monitors or recorders prior to completion.

Tips for Securing Cables

Properly securing cables is just as important as running them correctly:

Avoid loose, dangling cables – use anchors and tie-wraps to neatly run cables along surfaces.
Staple cables every 5-10 inches if attaching to wooden surfaces.
Use cable trays and conduits for protecting longer wire runs.
Leave slack near connections to avoid yanking on wires – provide a service loop.
Use drip loops for any overhead cables to prevent water from entering connections.
Weatherproof all connections with electrical tape and/or silicone sealant.
Use cable glands and junction boxes to transition wires from outdoor to indoor.
Terminate cables into a wall plate or patch panel ports for future maintenance.
Label all cable runs at both ends for easy identification.
Test all camera functions, including pan, tilt and zoom, after securing cables.

Proper cable management protects your equipment and maintains reliability.

Troubleshooting Installation Issues

If your newly installed security camera is not functioning correctly, some common issues to check include:

No power – Check all wiring connections and voltage at the camera power terminals.
Loose video cables – Ensure BNC and RJ45 cable connections are properly secured.
No video signal – Try replacing video cables or test for continuity.
No internet access – Verify internet connectivity and camera IP address settings are correct.
Wrong username/password – Double check remote access login credentials entered in camera software and client apps.
Outdated firmware – Check for camera firmware updates which may resolve connectivity issues.
WiFi interference – Look for sources of RF interference like appliances or microwave ovens near the camera.
Obstructed field of view – Check for foliage or other objects partially blocking the camera’s line of sight.
Night visibility problems – Cameras need adequate lighting for quality night videos – check night vision specifications.

Careful planning helps avoid many issues, but don’t hesitate to contact the camera manufacturer’s technical support for help diagnosing any persistent problems.

Choosing the Right Camera for Your Needs

Selecting the proper outdoor security camera for your particular installation will ensure the best performance and avoid headaches down the road. Considerations when choosing a camera:

Video resolution – Higher 4K/5MP resolution provides clearer details but requires more network bandwidth.
POWER over Ethernet – POE cameras allow power and video over a single Ethernet cable.
Night vision – Infrared LEDs provide monochrome night viewing up to 100 ft or more.
WiFi connectivity – Allows flexible wireless installation. Make sure signal is sufficient.
Mobile apps – Convenient remote viewing on smartphones and tablets.
Cloud storage – Optional cloud services provide offsite video backup for an additional fee.
Smart motion detection – Cameras with PIR sensors only record relevant motion events.
Smart assistant integration – High-end cameras can be viewed and controlled via Alexa, Google Assistant or Siri.
Rugged design – Waterproof and vandal-resistant cameras hold up to outdoor conditions.
Local storage – NVRs allow continuous recording without reliance on internet connectivity.

Purchasing a camera that fits both your budget and needs ensures you get the right features for your installation.

Maintaining Your Outdoor Security Camera

To keep your outdoor security cameras performing optimally, be sure to follow these maintenance tips:

Check cables and connections routinely for any loose plugs or frayed wires.
Inspect mounting hardware and camera housing for any signs of damage or wear.
Clean camera lenses regularly using microfiber cloths to remove dirt, debris and water spots.
Periodically check for firmware updates from the manufacturer and install any new versions available.
Test motion alerts and video recordings routinely to verify continued proper operation.
Check WiFi signal strength and router connectivity if using wireless cameras.
Replace backup batteries in cameras every 2-3 years as needed.
Consider surge protectors to protect against electrical spikes during storms.
Prune any nearby trees or vegetation blocking the camera’s field of vision.
Use weatherproof housing and cables rated for outdoor use.
Bring cameras indoors or utilize heating units during extremely cold temperatures.

Proper maintenance ensures you get the most out of your security investment with maximum uptime and reliability.

Expanding Your Camera System

As your needs evolve, you can expand your outdoor camera coverage with these options:

Add additional cameras – Install wired or wireless cameras covering other vulnerable areas around your property’s perimeter.
Install a networked video recorder – An NVR allows centralized recording from multiple cameras with continuous video storage and playback.
Enable motion-activated lighting – Pair cameras with smart security lighting for improved night visibility upon motion detection.
Upgrade to higher resolution – Replace analog cameras with 4K and 5MP clarity for more detailed video footage and image zooming.
Use wide dynamic range – WDR cameras improve exposure in high contrast lighting like shadowy doorways and bright sunny areas.
Add pan-tilt-zoom – PTZ cameras allow panning over wider areas and zooming in on objects and people.
Incorporate doorbell cameras – See and speak with visitors at your door for enhanced entry security.
Link audio speakers – Broadcast custom audio warnings triggered by the cameras to deter intruders.
Employ smart analytics – AI-enabled cameras can recognize people, vehicles and other objects.

As technology improves, upgrading your cameras allows more advanced features and expanded coverage.

Popular Outdoor Security Camera Brands

Today there are many trusted brands to choose from when purchasing outdoor IP and analog security cameras:

Arlo – Offers an entirely wireless system with long-range WiFi connectivity.
Ring – Amazon’s video doorbell and smart spotlight camera line, integrating with Alexa.
Nest – Google’s outdoor cameras boast intelligent motion detection alerts.
Canary – All-in-one indoor/outdoor cameras with cloud storage options.
Amcrest – Feature-rich outdoor cameras providing up to 4K ultra HD resolution.
Reolink – Delivers rugged 4MP and 8MP super HD cameras for any environment.
Zosi – Budget-friendly HD cameras with advanced night vision and weatherproofing.
Wyze – Inexpensive but reliable outdoor camera line with complete app control.
SimpliSafe – Outdoor cameras integrated with their popular wireless home security systems.
EZVIZ – Offers both wired and wire-free outdoor camera options with cloud storage.

Do your research to find the perfect brand delivering the ideal features and functionality for your needs and budget.

Final Tips for Success

Installing outdoor security cameras requires planning and attention to detail. Keep these final tips in mind:

Choose the right camera resolution, night vision capability and ruggedness for your needs.
Select a high vantage mounting point for best visibility.
Ensure cameras are aligned properly to adequately cover the desired field of view.
Follow local electrical codes for any new power wiring to the camera.
Use conduits and grommets to prevent exterior wire penetration leaks.
Confirm all cables are properly connected and weatherproofed.
Enable motion alerts and customize monitoring zones for each camera’s view.
Setup remote access for viewing cameras anywhere on your mobile devices.

Take the time to install your outdoor security cameras right the first time. Then enjoy robust protection of your property day and night for years to come. Your cameras will provide peace of mind knowing your home remains safe and secure.

How to Wire an Outdoor Security Camera

Introduction

Outdoor security cameras provide an extra set of eyes on the outside of your home. They deter potential intruders and provide video evidence if any incidents occur. While wireless security cameras are common today, wired models provide more reliable connections and higher quality video. Installing your own wired outdoor security camera is a straightforward DIY project. This guide will provide the key steps for a successful security camera installation.

Gather the Needed Tools and Materials

Before starting your security camera installation, ensure you have the following equipment ready:

Outdoor-rated PoE security camera
Solid state NVR recorder with enough storage for 3-5 days of continuous recording
CAT5e or CAT6 outdoor-rated Ethernet cable
RJ45 wall jacks and patch cables
Electrical drill and bits for drilling cable holes
Caulk/sealant for sealing exterior cable holes
Rigid conduit for surface-running any cables
Zip ties, anchors, and screw mounts for securing cables
Adjustable wrench and screwdrivers
Laptop or monitor to test camera viewing

Only use equipment designed and rated for exterior use to withstand outdoor environments. Check that your camera’s packaging includes the camera itself plus the mounting hardware, power adapter, and installation guide.

Select Camera Location and Mount

Walk around your home’s exterior and assess the best location for your security camera based on several factors:

Views of entryways like doors, gates, and driveway access
Visibility focused on high-value items like vehicles or outbuildings
Adequate lighting or night vision range at the location
Locations out of reach to prevent tampering
Nearby overhang or eave to mount the camera beneath

Ideally select a location with a clear, unobstructed view of your intended coverage area. Mounting the camera high beneath an overhang also improves the viewing angle.

Use the included screws or anchors to securely mount the camera and bracket to your chosen surface. Make sure it is oriented properly to capture the right field of view. Carefully route any initial connection cables through the mount arm.

Run Power Cable to Camera

Your outdoor security camera will require a nearby power source. This usually involves cutting and connecting an electrical cable:

Use 14/2 or 12/2 gauge exterior-rated electrical wire
Extension cords are not recommended for permanent installs
Drill a hole into the wall, using a grommet
Route the wire from a nearby indoor outlet through the hole
Attach wiring to the camera’s power adapter or block
Ensure cables are adequately secured and concealed

Alternatively, if an outlet is very close, you can use an exterior-rated extension cord to power the camera temporarily.

Connect Ethernet Cable to Camera

The Ethernet cable transmits video from your camera to your network video recorder or server:

Run CAT5e or CAT6 Ethernet cable from your NVR to the camera
Drill access holes to route cable outside, using grommets to protect wires
Plug one end into the RJ45 jack on the back of the camera
Connect other end to the NVR recorder port
If NVR is farther away, terminate cable to RJ45 wall jacks with patch cables
Test cable continuity before mounting camera

Outdoor-rated Ethernet cable can be safely run up to 300 feet depending on cable thickness.

Configure Camera Network Settings

With the physical connections complete, now configure your camera’s network settings:

Power up the camera and connect to it directly via laptop
Access the camera’s IP address through a