Introduction
Installing drawer slides is an important part of cabinet construction and installation. Properly mounted drawer slides allow drawers to open and close smoothly and safely. When working with metal cabinets, choosing the right type of slide and mounting method is key to creating durable, long-lasting drawers.
In this comprehensive guide, we will walk through the entire process of how to mount drawer slides in metal cabinets. We will cover the different types of drawer slides, the tools you need, steps for measuring and marking cabinet openings, and provide a step-by-step tutorial on installing drawer slides. With the right techniques and materials, you can have professional-quality drawers installed in your custom metal cabinets.
Types of Drawer Slides for Metal Cabinets
When choosing drawer slides, you first need to consider the weight capacity you need. The slide type and mounting method will vary based on the size and weight loads of your drawers. Here are some of the most common options:
Ball Bearing Slides
Ball bearing drawer slides are the gold standard for metal cabinetry. They consist of three sections – one for the cabinet, one for the drawer, and one in the center – that interlock using steel ball bearings. This allows the drawer to extend fully and closes slowly and softly.
Ball bearing slides are best for heavy drawers, up to 100 lbs or more. They provide the smoothest glide motion. Full extension models allow you to pull the drawer completely out. Expect to pay more for these highest-quality slides.
Friction Slides
Friction slides (also called epoxy slides) are a more economical option made of galvanized steel. Instead of ball bearings, the parts slide against each other using friction and gravity. Lubrication helps them glide more smoothly.
Friction slides work best for light to medium-weight drawers, up to 50 lbs. They do not fully extend or close as evenly as ball bearing slides. However, you can find full extension models. Friction slides are easy to install and are a good choice for DIY projects.
Undermount Slides
Undermount slides attach to the bottom of the drawer box instead of the side. They provide a seamless, hidden look for a sleek modern style. Undermount slides work with frameless cabinetry or when you want drawer fronts that cover the slides.
Look for heavy-duty undermount slides designed for metal, with a weight rating to match heavy, full-extension drawers. Installation takes advanced skills. An experienced cabinet maker can help get them mounted properly.
Soft-Close Slides
To prevent drawers from slamming shut, you can look for slides with built-in soft-close technology. These have mechanisms that dampen the motion of the drawer the last few inches before closing.
Soft-close functionality results in smooth, quiet operation. Upgrade your ball bearing, friction, or undermount slides to soft-close versions for the most luxurious drawer motion. They are great for reducing noise and wear in high-use cabinets.
Tools and Materials Needed
Mounting drawer slides requires careful measuring and drilling. Having the right tools for the job will make installation much easier. Here is a list of the basic equipment you will need:
- Tape measure
- Pencil
- Speed square or tri-square
- Power drill and drill bits
- Clamps
- Level
- Screwdrivers
- Drawer slide mounting screws
For measuring, a basic retractable tape measure will suffice. A speed or tri-square will help you mark square lines. A power drill with Phillips head bit is needed to drill starter holes and drive in screws.
Several small clamps like spring clamps, C-clamps or locking pliers will help hold slides in position while securing them. A standard level will help keep slides square. Choose good quality screwdrivers that fit screw heads properly to avoid stripping.
Make sure you have the correct mounting screws for your drawer slide type. Many come with screws, but you may need to purchase better quality hardware for metal cabinets. Self-tapping screws generally provide the best hold.
How to Measure and Mark Drawer Openings
Once you know what type of slide you plan to install, the first step is measuring and marking the cabinet openings. Follow these steps:
1. Measure Drawer Box Depth
Lay the drawer box upside down on a flat surface. Measure the depth from the inside front to the inside back of the drawer box. Write down this measurement.
2. Mark Opening on Cabinet
On the inside of the cabinet, measure back the full drawer depth from the inside front. Make pencil marks to designate the back of the drawer opening.
3. Mark Slide Position
Refer to the manufacturer’s specifications for your slides to find the required setback distance from the front. This is usually around 1″- 2”. Make a mark for the front edge of the slide at the proper setback distance.
4. Make Side Marks
Measure and mark a line up the sides, even with your front/back marks. Use a level if needed to ensure the lines are square.
5. Compare Left/Right
Double check that your slide position lines match evenly on both sides. They must be parallel for proper drawer operation.
Following the above steps will give you guide lines showing the outer edges of the slide positions. Next we’ll go over how to actually mount the slides.
Installing Drawer Slides in Metal Cabinets
With all your measurements complete, you are now ready to secure the drawer slides. Follow this process for each set:
Attach Cabinet Member
- Set the cabinet member of the slide in position against your guide lines. Make sure it sits squarely.
- Using a pencil, mark a dot for each mounting screw hole location.
- Remove the slide. At each pencil dot, drill a starter hole for the screw size you are using.
- Reposition the cabinet member and insert screws in each hole. Use clamps or lock pliers to hold it in place.
- Secure all mounting screws tightly. Avoid over-tightening.
Attach Drawer Member
- Place the drawer member of the slide against the matching edge of the drawer box. Mark screw holes.
- Pre-drill holes for the drawer slide screws.
- Attach the drawer member with clamps holding it securely as you insert the screws.
- Make sure the slide is seated flush against the side before screwing fully tight.
Connect Members
- With the drawer supported underneath, slide the drawer into place.
- The two slide members should overlap and interconnect. Do this carefully to avoid jamming.
- Make sure the fit is even on both sides as you push the drawer box in and out.
- Adjust if needed until the drawer operates smoothly.
- Add lubricant to the slides if recommended by the manufacturer.
Those are the basic installation steps for most slide types. Always refer to the specific instructions that come with your drawer slides too.
With a quality slide properly mounted, the drawer should open and close evenly without catching. If you experience any sticking or resistance, double check the positioning or try adjusting the alignment. Proper installation is crucial to getting drawers that glide smoothly!
Tips for Getting the Best Results
To achieve premium performance from your drawer slides, keep these tips in mind:
- When possible, opt for soft-close slides. These prevent slamming and provide the most luxurious feel.
- Lubricate the slides with silicon spray or wax occasionally to maintain smooth motion.
- Ensure drawer boxes are square for even contact with slides.
- Position slides exactly parallel to each other for proper alignment.
- Pre-drill holes for screws to prevent splitting wood or metal.
- Follow the weight rating limits for your slides to avoid sagging or failure.
- Adjust slides that are slightly out of alignment rubbing sandpaper along the glide channels.
- Use the best quality mounting screws and hand tighten evenly without over-driving.
Taking proper care during installation and follow up maintenance will keep those drawer slides gliding smoothly for years!
Troubleshooting Common Drawer Slide Issues
If your drawers start getting stuck, difficult to open, or uneven after installing slides, some troubleshooting and adjustments can often fix the issues. Here are some common problems and solutions:
Drawer Box Scrapes on Side of Cabinet
- Slides are likely not installed parallel to each other. Check both are perfectly vertical using a level.
- If one slide is mounted crooked, you may need to shim under it with thin wood or metal strips to bring it into alignment.
Drawer Doesn’t Close Completely
- Make sure the slide setback distance from the cabinet front is correct based on the manufacturer specifications.
- Check that drawer member is mounted evenly flush with the actual drawer box front.
Drawer Wont Stay Closed
- Improper setback is likely causing the drawer to not engage correctly with the cabinet member. Adjust setback distance accordingly.
- Increase tightness of the slide attachment screws if they have loosened over time.
Uneven Gap Between Drawer Fronts
- One or both slides may be out of alignment. Verify both are identically positioned.
- Check that drawer box dimensions are perfectly square without any racking.
- Try adjusting the position of one slide slightly to even the gaps.
Slides Make Squeaking or Grinding Noises
- Apply lubricant like silicone spray to the tracks. Follow manufacturer lubrication guidelines.
- Inspect for debris, dirt or damage to track. Clean carefully and sand or file any burrs smooth.
Heavy Drawers Sag Over Time
- The weight limit of the slide has likely been exceeded. Upgrade to a higher weight capacity model.
- Add support brackets underneath the drawer box for heavy loads.
With careful installation and periodic adjustment as needed, quality drawer slides will last for many years of smooth worry-free operation in your custom metal cabinets.
Frequently Asked Questions
Some of the most common questions that arise when installing drawer slides in metal cabinets include:
What is the standard setback distance for most slides?
For most types of slides, a 1”-2” setback distance from the inside cabinet front is recommended and optimal. Always verify with the specs of your specific slide model though.
What screw type is best for mounting slides to metal cabinets?
Self-tapping screws work well to bite into the metal and hold firmly. Machine screws into pre-drilled pilot holes are also effective. Avoid counter-sinking so slide sits flush.
Should ball bearing slides be lubricated periodically?
Yes, a small amount of silicone lubricant or wax helps maintain the smooth rolling motion of ball bearing slides. Follow manufacturer guidelines on lubrication frequency.
Can Euro style drawer fronts be mounted to regular slides?
Special gaps adapters brackets allow the Euro style overlay drawer fronts to work with standard slides. Hettich and others make specific hardware for this purpose.
Do soft-close mechanisms ever need adjustment?
Soft-close dampeners are pretty maintenance free. If drawers start slamming again, you may need to adjust the tightness on the spring-loaded mechanism.
Conclusion
Installing drawer slides may seem intimidating, but with the techniques described above you can achieve truly professional results. Mounting them properly will make your drawers feel solid and operate flawlessly.
Choosing the drawer slide type that fits your cabinet design, weight needs, and budget will provide optimal performance. Precision measuring, drilling, and alignment is key for smooth action. Then periodic maintenance will keep them gliding like new.
We hope these steps for how to mount drawer slides in metal cabinets have provided the insight needed to successfully add this important component. Taking the time to carefully follow slide specifications, combined with proper tools and materials, will lead to premium drawer function that lasts for years.