Building an outdoor fireplace can be a fun and rewarding DIY project. With some planning and the right materials, you can create a beautiful and functional outdoor fireplace to enjoy for years to come.
Choose a Location
When deciding where to build your outdoor fireplace, consider the following:
- Choose a spot at least 10 feet away from your house or any buildings, trees, or shrubs. This will prevent fires from getting out of control.
- Consider wind patterns so smoke doesn’t blow directly into your house.
- Pick a location that is easy to access, like a patio or deck. This makes it simple to bring firewood and supplies outside.
- Make sure the location is level and has good drainage. Look for an area that won’t get overly wet.
- Check local building codes for any restrictions on outdoor fireplaces in your area. Many have rules for placement and materials.
Once you decide on the perfect spot, mark it off with stakes or paint so you know where to build.
Select a Design
Outdoor fireplaces come in many shapes, sizes, and styles. Consider what will work best for your space.
Fire Pit
A simple fire pit dug into the ground is an easy, low-cost option. Line it with stone or fire brick. Add a grate at the bottom for holding logs.
Portable Fireplace
For a smaller backyard, a portable fireplace might be ideal. Many are made of steel or cast iron and can move around your deck or patio.
Brick or Stone Fireplace
A permanent masonry fireplace made of brick or stone has a classic, built-in look. While more complex to build, it can significantly enhance your outdoor living space.
Chimenea
A chimenea is a freestanding fireplace with an open front and chimney. The simple stucco or metal box design contains the fire. It’s very portable.
Consider your needs, design tastes, and budget when choosing a style. Also check local building codes for any material or design requirements.
Obtain Permits
Most areas require permits for permanent outdoor fireplaces. Masonry fireplaces often need approval, while portable units may only require notification. Check with your local building department on specific rules and paperwork required. This will ensure your fireplace is up to code.
Choose Materials
Constructing an outdoor fireplace requires heat-resistant and durable materials. Some good options include:
- Brick: Classic material for masonry fireplaces and fire pits. Ensure it’s fire brick rated for high heat.
- Stone: Natural stone like granite is attractive but more expensive. Be sure it can withstand fires.
- Stucco: A common coating for chimeneas. It’s a low-cost plaster material.
- Metal: Steel, iron, and copper are used for chimeneas, grates, grills and more. Opt for thick, sturdy metals.
- Concrete block: An affordable option for the inner structure. Use a façade of stone or brick on the outside.
Use high-quality, fire-resistant materials approved for outdoor use. Don’t skimp, or your fireplace may not last or could be unsafe.
Construct the Base
Start by preparing a solid, level base. This provides the foundation for your entire fireplace structure.
- For portable units, follow manufacturer instructions for set-up.
- For permanent fireplaces, create a gravel or crushed stone base, compacted down.
- Use concrete footer blocks or poured footings for masonry designs.
- Ensure the base extends past the outer edges of the fireplace.
Take time on the base so the rest of the build goes smoothly. Use care to make it perfectly level and able to bear the weight.
Build the Firebox
The firebox contains and ventilates the fire. For masonry designs, build walls using fire brick or other heat-resistant material.
- Construct side walls, back wall and base. Use mortar to secure.
- Include an opening as wide as your fuel (typically 24-30 inches).
- Build a smoke shelf across the top of the opening. This helps control airflow.
- Add a steel or iron grate near the base for holding logs.
For pre-fab models, assemble per instructions. Make sure all parts are sturdy and fitted together securely.
Add the Chimney
The chimney draws smoke up and out of the fireplace:
- Size it according to your firebox opening. Larger openings need bigger flues.
- Extend straight up, at least 3 feet above the firebox. This creates proper draft.
- Use chimney pipe or construct masonry with fire brick inside.
- Top with a rain cap to prevent water from entering.
- For portable units, attach stovepipe at an angle to draw smoke out.
Proper chimney height and size removes smoke and prevents backdrafts. Follow specifications for best performance and safety.
Include Design Details
Once the structure is built, add decorative touches to finish it off:
- For masonry, use stone, stucco or brick on the outside façade.
- Add a chimney cap or crown molding on top for an attractive accent.
- Use steel doors, grates or screens for a sleek, modern look.
- Install a baking shelf or side tables for convenience.
- Add stone, brick or pavers around the base.
- Paint or stain portable models to match your outdoor décor.
Personalize your fireplace with creative materials and finishes that reflect your style. Just ensure all materials can withstand heat and outdoor elements.
Observe Safety Precautions
Outdoor fireplaces involve serious fire hazards. Take these precautions when building and using your fireplace:
- Construct it on a non-flammable base away from trees and shrubs.
- Use spark screens and doors to contain sparks and embers.
- Keep a fire extinguisher on hand in case of emergencies.
- Avoid using flammable liquids like gasoline to start fires.
- Always supervise fires and extinguish completely when done.
- Follow all manufacturer instructions for portable units.
- Check local burn ban restrictions before use during dry conditions.
With proper care and common sense, an outdoor fireplace can provide enjoyment for years of camping-like experiences in your own backyard!
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does it cost to build an outdoor fireplace?
Costs vary widely based on materials and design. Basic fire pits or portable units can be a few hundred dollars. Permanent brick or stone masonry fireplaces often range $2,000-$5,000 or more.
What is the best material for an outdoor fireplace?
Good options include fire brick, stone, metal, concrete and high-heat stucco. Ensure any material used is rated for exterior use and can withstand high temperatures.
How far should an outdoor fireplace be from a house?
Position it at least 10 feet away from any buildings, trees or shrubs. Follow all local building codes for proper clearances in your area.
Can you cook on an outdoor fireplace?
Yes, many are designed for grilling, smoking or cooking over an open fire. Add a grate or grill accessory and be sure to keep the area around it clear.
What permits do I need to build an outdoor fireplace?
Requirements vary by location. Many areas require permits for permanent masonry fireplaces. Check with your local building department on specific rules in your region.
Conclusion
Creating an outdoor fireplace requires planning, quality materials, safety precautions and building skill. But the result can provide a beautiful, relaxing fireside atmosphere in your own backyard. With some diligent work and the right designs, you can construct an outdoor fireplace that will bring warmth and enjoyment for years of camping-style experiences at home.