Winter can be an especially difficult time for outdoor cats. As temperatures drop, outdoor cats are at increased risk of cold weather injuries and illnesses. Providing an insulated outdoor shelter is one of the best ways to protect outdoor cats during cold winter months. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to make an easy and affordable outdoor cat shelter for winter.
Choose a Shelter Location
When deciding where to place the outdoor cat shelter, choose an area that is:
- Protected from the wind and rain – The entrance should face away from the prevailing winds. Under a deck or porch is ideal.
- Dry – Choose high ground and avoid areas that collect standing water.
- Sunny – Cats like basking in the sunshine on cold winter days when possible.
- Safe from predators – Consider a location away from coyotes, loose dogs, etc.
- Easily accessible for you – Choose a spot near your home so you can monitor and maintain it daily.
Select a Shelter Design
There are two main winter shelter designs to consider:
Insulated Cat House
This enclosed shelter is well-insulated, with only one opening as a door. It provides warmth by trapping the cat’s body heat inside.
Pros: Very warm and cozy for cats. Offers protection from wind, rain, and snow.
Cons: Need to clean it out frequently as odors and moisture can build up inside.
Three-Sided Shelter
This design has three walls and an open front, usually facing south to allow sunshine in. The partial enclosure blocks wind and precipitation.
Pros: Allows sunshine to warm the interior. Easier to clean as odors don’t accumulate.
Cons: Not as protective from the elements as an enclosed shelter.
For most climates, a three-sided shelter is easiest to manage. Very cold regions may warrant an enclosed cat house.
Choose Materials
Use the following durable, insulating materials:
- Plastic Storage Bin – Serves as a ready-made enclosure for an insulated cat shelter. Look for one at least 18-20 inches high. Cut entrance hole in the side.
- Straw – Provides excellent insulation from the ground. Use several inches packed inside the shelter.
- Styrofoam – Lines the interior walls as an effective insulator. Can also elevate shelter off the ground.
- Waterproof Outdoor Fabric – Covers the shelter exterior to protect from wind/precipitation. Use heavy duty material like canvas tarp or denim fabric.
- Outdoor Carpet – Glue remnant pieces on interior walls for additional warmth and comfort.
Assembly Instructions
Follow these steps to assemble your outdoor winter cat shelter:
Insulated Cat House
- Cut entrance hole (at least 8 inches diameter) in side of plastic storage bin, several inches above ground.
- Pack bottom of bin with 3-4 inches of straw for insulation/cushion.
- Line interior sides with Styrofoam sheets cut to fit.
- Glue outdoor carpet remnants to interior walls.
- Cover exterior with waterproof fabric leaving entrance uncovered. Secure with staples and/or duct tape.
- Place in protected outdoor location on level ground. Point entrance away from wind/rain.
Three-Sided Shelter
- Use a plastic bin, cardboard box, or construct a wood frame for three walls.
- Elevate front side off ground using scrap wood or cinder blocks. Face open side away from wind/rain.
- Pack straw insulation into bottom. Line walls with Styrofoam.
- Staple waterproof fabric over exterior leaving entrance side open.
- Place in protected outdoor spot facing south when possible.
Ongoing Cold Weather Care
Check the shelter daily and make sure to:
- Refresh straw if it becomes damp or soiled.
- Clear out any snow accumulation inside the shelter.
- Check for leaks and repair as needed with tape, caulk, etc.
- Clean interior regularly with mild detergent to prevent odors. Rinse and allow to fully dry.
- Monitor if cats are using the shelter. If not, they may need a warmer location or additional insulation.
- Never use fabric scraps or towels – they absorb moisture and get cats wet.
Providing an outdoor haven like this can help community cats survive the harshest winter conditions. Be sure to continue supplying food, water, and vet care as part of your year-round commitment to care for unowned neighborhood cats. With preparation and proper provisions, our feline friends can weather any storm!
Frequently Asked Questions About Outdoor Cat Shelters in Winter
How well insulated does a winter cat shelter need to be?
The shelter should have insulation on all sides – ground, walls, ceiling, and door flap if applicable. Pack the floor with thick straw bedding. Line interior walls with 1-2 inches of Styrofoam. Prevent drafts from seeping in. The better insulated, the warmer the interior will be.
What are the best materials to use to insulate a cat shelter?
The best insulation materials are straw (minimally absorptive and great for floor padding), Styrofoam sheets, and outdoor carpet remnants glued to the interior. Avoid fabric scraps or towels that absorb moisture. Reflective bubble wrap can add additional insulation if needed.
Should I heat the shelter or provide a heated bed?
No, do not provide supplemental heat as this can cause the shelter to become too warm and introduce risks of overheating, fire hazards, etc. Cats’ normal body heat inside a well-insulated shelter is sufficient to keep them warm.
How do I make the shelter warm enough if temperatures are below freezing?
For sub-freezing conditions, ensure the shelter is very well insulated on all sides and the floor. You can add a second layer of Styrofoam if needed. Wind and precipitation protection is also key. Place the shelter in a protected spot and orient the entrance away from the wind.
Where is the best place to locate the outdoor shelter for winter?
The ideal location is protected from wind, rain, and snow, such as under a deck or porch. Place in a sunny spot if possible. Choose a high, dry area to prevent flooding. Position the entrance away from the prevailing winds and precipitation.
Can I use a plastic storage tote for a cat shelter in winter?
Yes, plastic totes work very well to create enclosed, insulated cat shelters. Look for a large-sized tote (18+ gallon capacity) and cut an entrance hole. Make sure to provide ample straw and Styrofoam insulation inside. Cover the exterior with waterproof fabric or tarp. Monitor closely in very cold temperatures.
How often should I change out the straw in a winter cat shelter?
Replace the straw insulation every 1-2 weeks or whenever it becomes damp, soiled, or compressed down. Wet straw loses its insulating properties. Keeping it fresh helps wick away moisture and provides cushioning.
Conclusion
Outdoor cats are at risk once the cold winter months arrive. Providing shelter from the elements is essential to keep community cats safe and warm. With a few affordable supplies like plastic bins, straw, and Styrofoam, you can easily construct an effective insulated haven for outdoor kitties in your area. Be sure to strategically locate the shelter and continue your regular feeding and care routines. With proper provisions, our feral feline friends can thrive through harsh winter storms!