Preventing outdoor water pipes from freezing during winter is crucial to avoid burst pipes and costly water damage. Here are some helpful DIY tips and tricks to keep your outdoor plumbing safe when temperatures drop.
Use Insulation
Insulating exposed water pipes is one of the most effective ways to prevent freezing. You can use foam pipe insulation that wraps around the pipe and seals with adhesive tape. Fiberglass insulation also works well. Make sure to get insulation with the proper thickness and R-value for your climate. Insulate both hot and cold water pipes.
Foam Pipe Insulation
- Easy to install
- Available in various sizes
- Seals tightly to prevent heat loss
Fiberglass Wrap
- More rigid than foam
- Higher R-value per inch
- Must wrap tightly with no gaps
Heat Trace Cables
Heat trace cables (also called heat tape) wrap around pipes and heat up slightly to maintain a warm temperature. They provide constant heat and are ideal for pipes prone to freezing.
Tips for Installation:
- Secure tightly and cover with insulation
- Use a thermostat for automatic on/off control
- Include end seals to prevent moisture damage
Disconnect Hoses
Detach all hoses from outdoor spigots and allow them to drain fully. A hose filled with water can freeze and burst the pipe it’s connected to. Install hose bib covers as an extra preventative step.
Seal Air Leaks
Any openings or cracks around pipes should be caulked or sealed to prevent cold air from contacting the pipes. Foam sealant works well for this.
Drain Pipes Before Freezing Weather
If pipes are subject to hard freezes, draining the water from the lines provides the best protection. This may require shutting off the main water supply and opening spigots to allow pipes to fully empty.
Use Heat Lamps or Heaters
For exposed pipes in unheated areas like attics or crawlspaces, heating the space with a lamp or small portable heater can keep temperatures warm enough to prevent freezing. Maintain safe operation and monitor these heat sources.
Insulate Valves and Elbows
Pipe fittings like elbows, tees and valves have more exposed surface area and are prone to freezing. Be sure to adequately insulate these areas.
Check Insulation Yearly
Inspect pipe insulation before winter each year. Repair any deteriorated, loose or missing insulation right away.
Know the Location of Water Shut-Offs
If a pipe does burst, promptly shut off the water supply to prevent major flooding issues. Make sure you know where your shut-off valves are so you can act quickly in an emergency.
Consider Heat Tape with Thermostat
For frequently freezing pipes, combine insulation and heat tape with an outdoor thermostat to automatically turn the heat tape on around 35°F. This combination offers maximum freeze protection.
6 FAQs About Preventing Frozen Pipes
Can I use a heat lamp to keep outdoor pipes from freezing?
Yes, you can use a heat lamp or infrared heater to warm pipes in unheated areas. Position the heat source close to the pipes and monitor it for safety. Insulation should still be used to hold in the heat.
What temperature do pipes freeze?
Pipes will typically freeze when temperatures reach 20°F or below. Prolonged temperatures around 25-30°F can also cause frozen pipes over time.
Can you insulate copper pipes outside?
Yes, you should absolutely insulate exposed copper pipes outdoors. All pipe materials, including copper, are at risk of bursting if water inside them freezes and expands. Properly installed insulation suitable for outdoor use will protect copper plumbing.
Should I insulate hot water pipes outside?
Yes, insulate both hot and cold water pipes located outside or in unheated areas. Hot water pipes won’t freeze, but the water cools as it travels to fixtures and could freeze. Insulation maintains the heat and prevents freezing.
Should I shut off outside water before winter?
Shutting off and draining the entire outdoor water supply before winter is the most surefire way to prevent freezing pipes. This may not be necessary if pipes are well insulated, but it provides complete protection.
What is the best insulation for outdoor pipes?
The best insulation products for outdoor pipes are rubber or foam tubing with adhesive for sealing. Fiberglass and other molded pipe insulation also performs well. The insulation should have an adequate R-value and thickness for colder climates.
Conclusion
Protecting exposed outdoor pipes from freezing is easy and affordable with proper insulation, heat sources, and preventative maintenance. Foam, fiberglass and heat trace cables are excellent options for keeping water lines safe in winter. Maintain insulation, seal leaks, and drain pipes when necessary. Take the right steps ahead of cold weather to avoid damaged pipes on your property. With vigilance and the right materials, your plumbing can stay functional all winter long.