Outdoor fountains can be a beautiful addition to any yard or garden. However, keeping fountain water clean can be a challenge. Over time, fountain water can become cloudy, smelly, and filled with algae if not properly maintained. With some simple regular care and maintenance, you can keep your outdoor fountain water looking crystal clear and fresh. Here are the best tips for how to keep outdoor fountain water clean.
Cleaning and Maintaining the Fountain
Regular cleaning and maintenance are key to keeping outdoor fountain water clean. Here are some best practices:
Remove Debris
It’s important to remove any debris that falls into the fountain basin. Leaves, dirt, and other organic matter will decay in the water, making it murky and smelly. Check the fountain daily and use a net or spoon to scoop out any debris.
Scrub Interior Surfaces
Use a soft brush or sponge to gently scrub the interior surfaces of the fountain weekly. This removes any algae or mineral deposits that can build up. Avoid using harsh abrasives that could scratch the finish.
Drain and Clean Completely
Drain, disassemble, and thoroughly clean the entire fountain every 2-4 weeks. Remove all water, scrub all interior surfaces with an algae-inhibiting cleaner, rinse, and refill with fresh water. This periodic deep cleaning is crucial.
Replace Stagnant Water
Stagnant water allows more organic contaminants and algae to flourish. Change the fountain water every 2-3 days to keep it fresh. More frequent changes may be needed in hot climates.
Clean the Pump and Tubing
Clogged pumps and dirty tubing can circulate debris and algae spores around the fountain. Disconnect and thoroughly clean the pump every month. Use a bottle brush to clear debris inside tubing.
Regular cleaning gives you a chance to spot and correct any issues early before they become major problems. Get on a consistent cleaning schedule for the best results.
Using Fountain Water Additives
Specialty fountain cleaners and additives can enhance your cleaning regimen. Look for these types of products:
Algaecides
Algaecides help prevent green algae from growing in the water. They contain chemicals that inhibit algae growth. Use an algaecide made specifically for fountains and follow dosage guidelines carefully.
Clarifiers
Clarifying additives help bind tiny suspended particles together so they can be filtered out. This removes cloudiness and helps keep water transparent.
Biodegradable Cleaners
Some all-natural cleaners contain enzymes and bacteria that continuously break down organic debris in the fountain, reducing the need for draining and scrubbing. They can be used along with algaecides.
Mineral Deposit Inhibitors
Additives with sequestering agents prevent dissolved minerals in the water from accumulating on fountain surfaces as stubborn hard water deposits. This minimizes mineral scaling.
Always read product labels thoroughly and use water additives made for fountains specifically. Well-maintained water should need fewer additives over time.
Additional Water Quality Tips
Aside from cleaning, a few additional tips will help optimize fountain water quality:
Start with Clean Fill Water
Always fill or top-off the fountain with fresh water from the hose. Avoid using water that has been sitting stagnant in buckets which allows debris to accumulate. If fill water is high in minerals, consider treating it first with a sediment filter.
Change Water Frequently
As mentioned, change fountain water completely every 2-4 weeks and replace portions of it every 2-3 days. Water changes are extra important for removing dissolved organics and nutrients required for algae growth.
Balance Water Chemistry
Test water with fountain monitoring strips and balance pH and alkalinity per recommendations. Properly balanced water inhibits scale build-up and corrosion.
Use a UVC Sterilizer
A submersible UVC light inserted into the reservoir will neutralize algae spores and some microbes as water circulates. This adds a layer of water purification.
Consider a Fountain Filtration System
More elaborate fountain designs allow integrating a small pump-driven filter system to continuously filter particles. This takes cleaning burden off of the fountain owner.
Clean Filter Media Properly
If your fountain has filter media like foam or mesh pads, rinse them thoroughly to remove debris during cleaning. Avoid using soap and instead scrub them with a brush and fountain water. Replace media per manufacturer recommendations.
Practice Caution with Additives
Use the minimum amount of additives needed to get desired results. Over-treating with aggressive algaecides, clarifiers, and cleaners can damage the fountain and create an imbalance.
Ensure Proper Water Circulation
Adjust fountain tubing and nozzles so treated water is reaching all areas effectively. Stagnant zones can become problem spots for algae and debris accumulation.
Preventing and Removing Algae Growth
Green or black algae growth is one of the most common and difficult fountain water problems. Here are some tips for prevention and removal:
Use Algaecide
Using an effective algaecide, per label instructions, will prevent green algae from getting established. Always combine with occasional scrubbing.
Limit Sun Exposure
Position the fountain out of direct sunlight whenever possible. Too much sun exposure promotes algae growth. Consider adding a shade structure.
Clean the Basin
Thoroughly scrubbing the fountain basin during cleanings removes potential “hot spots” where algae can gain a foothold.
Drain at First Sign of Growth
If you spot any slimy green patches in the fountain, drain and clean it immediately before algae spreads further. Soak components in an algaecide solution.
Use a Waterfall Cleaner
Foaming cleansers designed to cling to vertical waterfall surfaces allow the algaecide longer contact time to penetrate and kill algae. Rinse surfaces afterward.
Clean Pump Impeller and Tubing
The recirculating fountain pump can spread algae spores. Take it apart and thoroughly clean the impeller and inside tubing.
Block Part of the Sun
If repositioning the fountain isn’t possible, use decor items or foliage to partially block sunlight exposure and make conditions less favorable for algae.
Flush with Bleach
For severe algae problems, drain the fountain and fill with a diluted bleach cleaning solution. Let soak per directions, drain, rinse thoroughly, and refill. Only use bleach occasionally.
Maintain Proper pH
Keep fountain water pH between 7.4-7.8 using a monitoring kit. This inhibits algae growth. If pH gets too high, use a pH decreaser.
Clean with Enzymes
Using enzyme-based cleaners can help break down algae and prevent it from spreading. Enzymes are safe for most fountain finishes.
Catching algae early and doing thorough cleanings are critical for preventing major outbreaks. Use a combination of prevention methods for the best results.
Removing Mineral Build-Up and Hard Water Stains
Tap water containing dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium will leave mineral deposits on fountain surfaces over time. This buildup looks unsightly but can be removed with some work:
Use a Scaling Inhibitor
Fountain additives containing sequestering agents will significantly slow mineral deposits from accumulating and keep water from spotting. Use continuously.
Wipe Surfaces Down
For light mineral scaling, mix a scaling cleaner solution and gently wipe down fountain surfaces with a soft cloth. This may gradually dissolve some buildup.
Use a Poultice
For thicker mineral deposits, apply an acidic poultice to affected areas per directions. Let it sit to dissolve the minerals then scrub away. Be cautious handling acids.
Remove and Soak Components
For heavy scaling on fountain sculptures, plumbing, and the basin, remove components and soak them in a diluted muriatic acid or vinegar solution to dissolve minerals.
Use a Pressure Washer
A pressure washer on a low setting can help blast away some mineral crust buildup. Be careful not to damage delicate finishes.
Scrub with a Brush
For stubborn deposits in detailed areas, use a soft brush dipped in a scaling cleaner to manually scrub. Soak heavily scaled areas first.
Start Fresh
For severely mineral-stained fountains, starting fresh may be needed. Consider resurfacing or replacing basin and components. Then use inhibitors to prevent rapid re-accumulation.
Preventing mineral buildup in the first place with fountain additives and occasional acid cleaning is preferable to dealing with heavy scaling.
Coping With Cloudy and Smelly Water
Cloudy, smelly fountain water is an indication organic contaminants and algae are present. Here are some troubleshooting tips:
Shock Treat the Water
Using a fountain shock treatment instantly kills algae and oxidizes organics. The dead debris will get caught in the filter. Follow with clarifier.
Change the Water
Drain and refill cloudy water immediately, even if you just changed it. The fresh water reset will help kill organics and algae present.
Clean the Basin and Filter
Scrub away debris that could be clouding and smelling up the water. Thoroughly rinse filter media too. Clean circulation tubing with a bottle brush.
Use Activated Carbon
A carbon filter will help remove dissolved organic compounds and odors. Replace cartridges per manufacturer recommendations.
Identify and Remove Sources
Inspect plants, trees and components above the fountain that may be introducing organics. Trim back vegetation and clean or treat surfaces.
Check Equipment
Ensure the pump is circulating water adequately. Clean it if flow is obstructed. Check and replace old tubing if needed.
Test and Adjust Water Balance
Out of balance water chemistry can result in a buildup of contaminants. Test levels and use fountain additives to restore recommended balance.
Use a Clarifier
Clarifying additives coagulate tiny particles and make them easier to filter out. Use for a few days along with water changes to clear up cloudiness.
Frequent cleaning and water changes, maintaining balanced water, and filtration are key to preventing smelly, cloudy water long-term.
Coping With Green Water
Green water is caused by free-floating algae in the water column. To clear it up:
Shock the Water
Shocking fountain water oxidizes and kills algae on contact. The dead cells will turn brown and can be filtered out.
Use Algaecide
An algaecide containing polyquat will bind to algae in the water and make them clump together so the filter can capture them.
Add Flocculant
A flocculant groups tiny particles and makes them heavy enough to settle to the bottom where they can be vacuumed later. Let the fountain run overnight after adding flocculant.
Change the Filter Media
Frequently rinsing the filter doesn’t fully restore its particle capturing ability. Replace clogged media with fresh foam pads or mesh screens.
Drain and Clean Thoroughly
The most effective way to eliminate green water is draining and fully cleaning the fountain to remove all traces of algae. Start fresh with treated water.
Check Water Balance
Improperly balanced water allows algae to thrive. Have water analyzed and adjust mineral levels and pH accordingly with a kit.
Green water is frustrating but can be controlled and cleared up with the proper combination of filtration, additives, and manual cleaning methods.
Maintaining Fountain Filtration Systems
More complex fountains often include built-in filtration systems that continually clean debris from the circulating water. Here are some filter maintenance tips:
Rinse Media Weekly
Remove foam pads, mesh screens and other media and rinse away trapped debris weekly. Hose filters down rather than immersing in fountain water.
Replace Media as Needed
Inspect filter media and replace it if pores appear blocked and inhibiting water flow. Heavy use fountains may need new media monthly.
Clean Filtration Tubing
Use a bottle brush and fountain cleaner to scrub out dirty tubing connecting pump to filtration box and fountain nozzles.
Watch Flow Rates
Monitor filtration system flow volume and pressure. Declining rates mean the filter needs servicing. Follow manufacturer guidelines.
Use Proper Filter Cleaners
Avoid using harsh chemicals and detergents on fountain filter media. Specialty enzyme cleaners dissolve debris without damage.
Check Connecting Seals
Ensure filter system components have good seals to prevent water bypassing the system. Replace seals every few years as needed.
Properly maintaining filtration components is required to keep the system operating at peak performance for crystal clear water.
Protecting the Fountain in Winter
Fountains left operating through frigid winter temperatures require some special precautions:
Install a Heater
Submersible fountain heaters will maintain a hole in frozen fountain water to prevent damage. Choose a heater with an automatic thermostat.
Position Near House
Locate the fountain close to the home to take advantage of radiant heat loss that minimizes freezing. Avoid low spots where cold air pools.
Insulate Pipes and Pumps
Wrap exposed fountain plumbing and pumps in insulating foam sleeves. This prevents vulnerable components from freezing and cracking.
Remove Statues and Bowls
Empty, clean, and store delicate fountain components indoors over winter. Just keep the basin and circulation system running.
Use Antifreeze
Add RV antifreeze to the water to lower the freezing point a few degrees. This gives a bit of added freeze protection.
Shut off Upper Sections
Turn off water flow to upper fountain tiers and rely only on lower basins kept thawed by heaters. Less surface area reduces ice buildup.
Stop Circulation at Night
Turn off recirculation pumps overnight when temperatures dip lowest to prevent pump damage if ice-free zones refreeze.
Take steps to adapt fountains for cold conditions if you want to keep them operating year-round. Preventing damage is easier than repairing it.
Troubleshooting Common Fountain Problems
Even with diligent care, you may encounter fountain issues. Here are some troubleshooting tips for common problems:
Clogged Pump or Plumbing
Fountains with weak flow may have obstructions in internal tubing or pump impellers. Disassemble and thoroughly clean.
Leaking Basins or Plumbing
Check for cracks and loose fitting allowing water to leak. Seal cracks with epoxy or replace defective plumbing parts.
Mineral Deposits
White crusty buildup on fountain surfaces is from hard water minerals. Remove with scaling cleaners or vinegar and use sequestering additives.
Mold Growth
Eliminate any slimy black or orange patches immediately with bleach or hydrogen peroxide cleaners to prevent spreading.
Cloudy Water
Clarify cloudy water with shock treatments and replace filter media. Increase water circulation and filtration. Test and adjust water balance.
Staining and Corrosion
Discoloration or pitted surfaces are often due to unbalanced water chemistry. Adjust alkalinity, pH and hardness to recommended levels.
Green Algae Growth
Vigorously scrub algae, treat water with algaecides, increase water circulation, and drain and clean the fountain thoroughly to remove it.
Pump Failure
If a fountain pump stops circulating altogether, unplug it and disassemble to check for debris blocking the impeller. Replace defective pumps.
Blown GFCI
Fountain pumps tripping GFCI outlets may have old, damaged power cords. Replace defective cords. Keep outlets well protected from moisture.
Pay attention to changes in fountain performance so issues can be addressed promptly. Knowing the right fixes will get your fountain flowing properly again.
Keeping Fountains Clean with Fish
Adding small fish to your fountain water can be an eco-friendly way to help control algae and insects through natural biofiltration. Consider these tips:
Choose Appropriate Fish Species
Opt for hardy varieties like mosquito fish that can tolerate fountain conditions. Ensure the fountain is large enough to support fish populations.
Provide Hiding Places
Give fish rocks, plants and other structures around the fountain so they have places to shelter and avoid predators.
Use a Submersible Heater
Maintain water temperature between 65-75°F to keep fish comfortable and healthy year-round with a small fountain heater.
Feed Fish Properly
Use a designated fountain fish food and feed only small amounts daily. Uneaten food contributes to dirty water.
Introduce Fish Gradually
First establish the fountain ecosystem for 2-3 weeks before adding fish. This allows enough algae and plankton to grow to help sustain fish. Start with just a few fish.
Avoid Overcrowding
Only add the number of fish the fountain can support based on size guidelines. Overpopulation leads to more waste in the water.
Quarantine New Fish
Keep new fish in a separate tank for a few weeks before adding to an established fountain to prevent introducing diseases.
Test Water Frequently
Check fountain water quality often and make any adjustments needed to pH, chemicals, and temperature for healthy fish.
Adding living fish creates a mini-ecosystem with natural benefits, but also requires taking proper care of the fish. Getting this balance right keeps the whole fountain nicer.
Finding the Right Fountain Professional
If your fountain develops complex issues you can’t resolve on your own, a professional may be needed. Look for these traits when choosing:
Specialized Experience
Search for companies focused on fountain service and repair exclusively. Their expertise goes beyond general pond contractors.
Trained Technicians
Well-trained techs will have a thorough understanding of pumps, plumbing, water chemistry, cleaning methods, and troubleshooting.
Full-Service Options
Select a company offering routine maintenance visits, cleaning, minor repairs, equipment replacements, treatments, winterization, etc.
Quality Equipment and Materials
The contractor should use commercial-grade fountain components and chemicals not just generic supplies.
Established Reputation
Choose