Outdoor water spigots, also known as hose bibs or sillcocks, allow you to access water outside your home for tasks like gardening, washing cars, filling pools, and more. However, like any other component of your plumbing system, outdoor spigots can eventually malfunction or break. When you notice issues with water flow or leaking around an outdoor spigot, it usually indicates a repair is needed. Fixing an outdoor spigot is often an easy DIY project that can save you time and money as opposed to calling a plumber. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the steps for diagnosing common outdoor spigot problems and making necessary repairs.
What You Need to Fix an Outdoor Water Spigot
Before getting started, assemble the necessary tools and parts:
- Adjustable wrenches – For loosening and tightening connections
- Replacement washers – Most leaks stem from worn out rubber washers
- PTFE plumber’s tape – For re-sealing pipe thread connections
- Spigot replacement kit (if replacing the entire unit)
- Rag – For cleaning parts
- Needlenose pliers – Helpful for accessing tight spaces
- Bucket – For catching water when shutting off water supply
- Screwdriver – For removing spigot cover if needed
Other supplies like a flashlight, protective eyewear, or a headlamp can also come in handy for accessing awkward spaces. Ensure you have all necessary equipment before turning off the water supply and beginning repairs.
Shutting Off Water Supply to Outdoor Spigot
Before doing any work on an outdoor spigot, locate the shutoff valve for the water supply and turn it to the off position. This is typically an angle stop valve located inside near where the water line exits the house.
Follow these steps to shut off the water:
- Locate the angle stop valve on the water supply line leading to the outdoor spigot you’ll be repairing. It is usually placed near the wall where the pipe exits.
- Place a bucket under the valve to catch any water that drips out when turned off.
- Turn the shutoff valve clockwise to the off position until it cannot turn any further.
With the water supply stopped, you can now safely make repairs without dealing with active water flow. Remember to turn the water back on slowly once repairs are complete to avoid pipes banging from air pressure buildup. Having the water off also allows you to diagnose problems more accurately.
Diagnosing Common Outdoor Spigot Problems
Before attempting repairs, inspect the spigot closely and diagnose the specific problem. Here are some of the most common outdoor spigot malfunctions:
Dripping/Leaking Spigot
A spigot that drips or leaks water when the valve is closed is most often caused by worn out rubber washers inside the stem assembly. These need to be replaced to stop the leak. Leaks originating at the base of the spigot are often due to cracked pipe connections or loose joints, which need re-sealing.
No Water Flow
A spigot with no water flow points to an issue with the valve being stuck or blocked. Sediment buildup or mineral deposits are common causes, requiring the faucet to be disassembled and cleaned out. Frozen pipes during winter can also halt water flow.
Spigot Won’t Shut Off
If the spigot valve remains open and won’t turn to the off position, this indicates a problem with the stem assembly inside the valve body. Typically the stem or sealing washers are too damaged or worn out to close the water flow, necessitating replacement parts.
Loose Spigot
Spigots can become loose over time, usually due to deterioration of pipe joint sealant. This allows water to leak at the base connection. Re-sealing with plumber’s tape or pipe joint compound is the solution.
Once the specific problem is diagnosed, you can move on to making the necessary repairs.
How to Fix a Leaking Outdoor Spigot
The most common spigot repair is fixing a leak. As previously mentioned, small drips coming from the spigot itself when closed are typically caused by worn out rubber washers. Replacing these washers is a quick and easy fix. Here are the steps:
- Make sure water supply is shut off and open spigot to relieve pressure.
- Remove handle and covering parts to access the valve stem assembly. This usually requires unscrewing a retainer nut or bonnet nut to separate the pieces.
- Once stem assembly is exposed, check condition of rubber washers. Look for cracked, torn, or overly flattened washers.
- Remove any damaged washers and replace with new ones of the same size and shape. Make sure they sit properly in valve body.
- Reassemble spigot. Make sure rubber washers are lined up correctly when re-seating the stem assembly.
- Turn water supply back on slowly and check for leaks with valve in closed position. Tighten parts or repeat washer replacement if still leaking.
Taking the spigot apart to access the washers is the key step. The assembly design varies between manufacturers, so consult a breakdown diagram if you have trouble disassembling the faucet. With new washers installed, most small leaks will be resolved.
Fixing No Water Flow Through Outdoor Spigot
When an outdoor spigot produces no water flow at all, the cause is typically a stuck or blocked valve. Sediment, mineral deposits, and other debris can build up inside the faucet over time, preventing proper valve operation. To fix:
- Remove any decorative handles or caps to expose the valve bonnet.
- Unscrew the bonnet and carefully remove the stem assembly. Check for debris and clogs.
- Scrub valve parts with a stiff brush and flush water through to clean out any grit or sediment.
- Soak stubborn deposits in vinegar or a de-liming solution to break up mineral buildup.
- Replace any damaged rubber washers, stems, or valve components.
- Reassemble spigot and turn water supply back on, checking for smooth operation.
Disassembling the spigot to access the internal valve parts is crucial. A thorough cleaning clears out collected debris so the valve can open and close properly again. For the most clogged spigots, complete replacement may be easier than trying to clean extensively corroded parts.
Stopping a Spigot That Won’t Shut Off
An outdoor spigot that continues running water even when tightened in the off position indicates worn out or broken valve parts inside. Usually the rubber washers and/or internal stem assembly are too damaged to form a watertight seal and fully cut off flow. To stop an uncontrollable spigot:
- Remove decorative handle components to access valve.
- Unscrew the valve bonnet and carefully extract the stem assembly. Inspect closely for cracks or torn rubber.
- Replace the stem and/or rubber valve washers with matching new parts. Lubricate new seals with plumber’s grease.
- If stem itself is cracked, you may need to replace the entire cartridge or valve mechanism.
- Reinstall hardware; turn on water and check valve operation. Tighten/adjust as needed to stop water completely.
- Consider replacing entire spigot if internal components are too corroded to function properly when closed.
Be very methodical when disassembling the valve, taking notes or photos along the way if needed. The washers must sit properly back in place for the water seal to reform correctly. For extensive interior damage, replacing the complete spigot is often the better repair option. Shut off the water at main home valve if spigot cannot be stopped.
Fixing a Loose Outdoor Spigot
An outdoor spigot that shifts or wobbles when using it is unsafe and will eventually leak. This points to loose connections. When tightened properly, spigots should remain firmly fixed to the exterior wall. To fix:
- Verify water supply to spigot is shut off.
- Try tightening the threaded pipe nipple linking the spigot tailpiece to supply valve. Tighten with pliers or wrench.
- Clean pipe threads thoroughly before re-sealing spigot connections.
- Apply fresh plumber’s tape or pipe joint compound on the thread seal.
- Tighten each threaded joint with a wrench. Work back and forth to tighten evenly.
- Open water slowly and check for leaks when operating spigot. Make adjustments as needed.
- For stubborn looseness, you may need to tighten mounting brackets or reposition the spigot on wall.
Taking the spigot loose allows you to clean the pipe threads and refresh the thread tape before re-sealing the joints tighter. Check that all assembly pieces seat flush when retightening. Severe interior corrosion or damage may require replacing the entire outside spigot fixture.
How to Replace an Outdoor Spigot
If an outdoor spigot is too corroded or damaged internally for repairs, replacement is the best option. While more complicated than fixing a minor leak or clog, replacing an outdoor spigot is still manageable as a DIY project. Follow these general steps:
Materials Needed
- Spigot replacement kit with new valve assembly, stem, seals, etc. Match style and features.
- Length of new copper pipe if supply line needs replacement
- Emery cloth to prep pipe ends
- Plumber’s tape
- Adjustable wrenches
- Pipe cutter if removing damaged supply lines
Remove Old Spigot
- Turn off water supply and disconnect supply line. May need to cut line.
- Remove mounting screws or brackets.
- Unscrew spigot tailpiece from pipe nipple using wrenches.
Install New Spigot
- Wrap pipe threads in plumber’s tape. Use pipe joint compound if needed.
- Attach new supply line to spigot tailpiece, leaving it loose for positioning.
- Secure spigot assembly tightly to wall with brackets.
- Tighten tailpiece to supply line with wrenches. Check alignment.
- Reconnect to water supply and check for leaks.
- Attach any handles, caps, or trim features to complete the job.
Take care to keep new sealant off the valve interior to avoid interference when operating. Go slow and check all fittings for tightness when reassembling. Consider hiring a plumber if you need to make supply line modifications or deal with valves in awkward crawlspaces.
Winterizing Outdoor Spigots
In regions with freezing winter temperatures, outdoor spigots need seasonal maintenance to avoid damage from expanding ice. This involves “winterizing” the lines and valves in fall to protect them through winter. Common steps include:
- Shut off supply valves and drain any residual water from pipes. May need to use air compressor.
- Unscrew and remove hoses. Replace spigot nozzle cap.
- Pack insulation around the spigot base to protect interior valve parts. Foam covers or heat tape also help.
- Consider installing frost-proof models which have self-draining valves that retreat into the warm house.
- In spring, remove insulation and reopen water supply. Check for proper spigot operation.
Taking preventive winterization steps will help avoid cracked pipes or damaged valves caused by water freezing inside the spigot assembly. Consult a plumber if unfamiliar with seasonal maintenance.
When to Call a Professional for Spigot Repairs
While many common outdoor spigot repairs are doable as DIY projects without plumbing expertise, there are certain circumstances where calling a professional plumber is advisable:
- If the required repairs are beyond your skill level or comfort zone
- For total spigot replacement involving changes to supply lines
- If interior valve components are badly corroded or damaged
- For winterization if pipes may be at risk of freezing
- If issues involve other plumbing systems like underground irrigation
- For emergency leak repairs where water needs to be shut off quickly
- If the spigot valve won’t shut off water completely after repairs
- For installations where building codes or permits are a factor
- When seeking guidance on recommended brands, styles, or materials
- If unsure why a problem persists after multiple repair attempts
Outdoor spigot repairs often require basic plumbing skills like working with pipe fittings and valves. When in doubt, consult a professional plumber to avoid costly mistakes. They can also advise on compatible replacement parts and provide necessary permits.
FAQs About Fixing Outdoor Water Spigots
What causes an outdoor faucet to drip?
The most common cause of a dripping outdoor spigot is worn out rubber washers inside the valve stem assembly. These allow water to leak through when the valve is closed. Replacing the old washers is typically an easy fix.
How do I stop water from leaking under my outdoor faucet?
Leaks coming from the base of the spigot rather than the nozzle are usually caused by loose pipe connections. Tightening the joints with a wrench and reapplying plumber’s tape or pipe sealant can often remedy the leakage. A cracked pipe may need replacement.
Why does my outdoor faucet have low water pressure?
Low flow from an outdoor spigot is typically caused by some sort of blockage or resistance inside the valve and plumbing lines. Sediment buildup, mineral deposits, and partially closed shutoff valves are common reasons. Disassembling and cleaning the spigot can help restore full pressure.
Can I replace an outdoor faucet by myself?
Replacing an aging or damaged outdoor spigot is a DIY-friendly project for the average homeowner, as it mainly involves basic skills like disassembling pipe fittings and resealing threaded connections. Those unfamiliar with plumbing may prefer getting a professional to avoid mistakes.
How do I disconnect an outdoor faucet for the winter?
To winterize an outdoor spigot, start by shutting off the water supply and draining any remaining water from the pipes. Unscrew and remove garden hoses. Pack insulation around the spigot base. Consider installing a frost-proof model which drains water back into the warm house.
Why does my outdoor faucet stay on?
If an outdoor spigot fails to shut off completely, the likely cause is a problem with the valve internals – typically worn out washers or a broken valve stem. Rebuilding the valve assembly with new components will usually fix the stubborn spigot. Severe internal damage may require total replacement.
Help! My outdoor faucet is leaking and won’t turn off!
If a spigot is uncontrollably leaking and unable to shut off water completely, try shutting off the main home water supply valve as an emergency measure. Then carefully disassemble the spigot to inspect the internal parts – worn washers are likely the culprit. Replacing damaged rubber seals and stems will allow the valve to fully close again.
Conclusion
Outdoor spigots take a lot of wear and tear being exposed to the elements year-round, so needing repairs is fairly common. Dripping valves, low pressure, and leaks are all easily fixable problems – most often requiring new rubber washers and cleaning inside the assembly. For total spigot replacement, having some plumbing skills is useful but a DIY job remains straightforward. Remember to shut off water first, diagnose the specific issue, and take precautions for winter in cold climates. Calling a professional plumber is advisable if repairs are complex. With proper maintenance and repairs when needed, an outdoor spigot can provide many more years of reliable service.