Introduction
Metal cabinets are a popular choice for many homeowners and businesses due to their durability, customizability, and sleek appearance. Building your own metal cabinets allows you to create storage solutions that are perfectly suited to your space and needs. While the process requires some metalworking skills, with the right planning and tools, how to build metal cabinets is an achievable DIY project.
In this comprehensive guide, we will walk through all the key steps involved in how to build metal cabinets, from choosing materials and taking measurements to assembly and installation. Whether you’re looking to build basic utility cabinets for the garage or custom cabinetry for a kitchen remodel, this article will provide valuable advice and tips to help you create professional-quality metal cabinets yourself.
Choosing Materials for DIY Metal Cabinets
The first step in any cabinet building project is selecting the right materials.
Metals
Most metal cabinets are constructed using either steel or aluminum:
- Steel is the most common choice as it provides durability at a lower cost. Cold rolled steel between 22 and 26 gauge offers a good balance of strength and workability. Galvanized steel has a protective zinc coating that prevents rust.
- Aluminum is lighter in weight than steel but also more expensive. It will not rust, so it is ideal for damp environments like bathrooms. Aluminum between 0.04″ and 0.063″ thickness is recommended.
Consider the environment the cabinets will be used in and your budget when choosing metal. Stainless steel and galvannealed steel offer superior rust resistance for wet settings.
Hardware
You will also need various hardware to assemble the cabinets:
- Hinges – Look for full overlay or half overlay hinges designed for frameless cabinets.
- Drawer slides – Opt for side-mounted, full extension slides that have a weight rating suitable for your drawers.
- Pulls/handles – Stainless steel or aluminum pulls complement metal cabinets well.
- Shelves – Metal shelves with tabs, pin systems, or post supports work best to adjust shelf positions.
- Fasteners – Self-tapping metal screws are easiest for assembly.
Other Materials
Depending on the cabinet design, you may also need:
- Plywood or MDF for cabinet backs, drawer boxes, and shelves
- Adhesive, silicone caulk, and metal primer/paint
- Levels, clamps, and jigs for construction
Taking Measurements
Once you have gathered materials, it’s time to measure the space and plan cabinet dimensions. Careful measurements are crucial for proper fit and function.
Consider where cabinets will be installed and how they will be used. If replacing existing cabinets, measure those units as a starting point. Make sure to account for:
- Cabinet opening widths and depths
- Cabinet heights, including toe kick recess
- Location of existing plumbing or electrical
- Wall shape and condition
- Diagonal measurements to check for square
- Desired positioning of sinks, appliances, and fixtures
Draw up plans for cabinet sizes and layouts based on the space. It helps to make cardboard templates to test fit. Having accurate measurements makes the building process much easier.
Constructing the Cabinet Boxes
The cabinet box consists of the top, bottom, sides, back, and face frame. Follow these tips for constructing sturdy boxes:
Cutting the Metal Pieces
Use tin snips for simple straight cuts or a plasma cutter for curved cuts. Use a ruler and square for accuracy. Cut pieces to measured sizes based on your plans.
Bending and Forming
To create enclosures, the metal pieces need to be bent at sharp 90 degree angles. Use a sheet metal brake for clean, precise bends.
Joining the Pieces
The cabinet takes shape when the sides, top, and bottom are joined. Self-tapping metal screws work best for assembly. Drill pilot holes to prevent cracking. Secure pieces together, ensuring corners are square.
Adding Back Panels
Cut plywood or MDF to size for sturdy back panels. Attaching these makes the cabinets more rigid. Use adhesive and screws to fasten the back pieces.
Building Face Frames
The face frame reinforces the front of the cabinet box. Measure openings and cut metal frame pieces to size. Join them to enclose the box front, keeping corners square.
Door Construction
Cabinet doors can be made from either metal or wood. Here are some popular door construction methods:
Metal Doors
- Panel style – Panels are cut to size and welded or riveted into a full door form.
- Formed – A single sheet is cut oversized then passed through a brake press to bend into door shape.
Wood Doors
- Slab style – Solid wood cut to door dimensions. Edge profiles can be routed for decorative detail.
- Frame and panel – Stiles and rails form a perimeter frame. A plywood panel fits inside.
No matter the material, measure cabinet fronts carefully so doors fit precisely within openings. Allow 1/8″ clearance all around.
Shelving, Drawers, and Other Interior Fittings
The cabinet interiors require additional elements to maximize storage utility.
Shelving
Cut metal or plywood shelves to size. Install standards, pins, or tabs to adjust shelf positions when needed.
Drawers
Build drawers with a plywood box and panel bottom. Attach slides to the drawer box and cabinet interior to create full extension.
Pegboard/Tool Storage
Utilize the cabinet backs or doors by installing metal pegboard panels. Plan locations for specialty storage hooks and holders.
Take advantage of all interior space with customized organizational elements tailored to your storage needs.
Painting and Finishing Metal Cabinets
For protection and aesthetics, properly finish your custom metal cabinets:
- Clean all surfaces so they are free of grease and debris
- Apply metal primer to provide maximum adhesion for paint
- Opt for oil-based or rust-inhibiting paint for durability
- Apply 2-3 thin coats for even coverage, sanding lightly between coats
- Consider a clear-coat for extra protection and sheen
For a more industrial look, cabinets can be left unfinished to develop a patina over time. Be sure to clean and degrease first.
Installation of DIY Metal Cabinets
When fully constructed, it’s time to install your cabinets for final use and enjoyment.
- Mark stud locations for attaching wall cabinets to ensure they are properly supported
- Use shims and levels during installation to make sure cabinets sit straight and plumb
- Bolt cabinets through back panels or side walls into studs or blocking
- Use silicone caulk around perimeter edges for a moisture barrier and clean look
- Add cabinet doors, drawers, shelves, and hardware once boxes are secured
- Touch up paint and make final adjustments as needed
Take pride in your custom metalwork every time you use your hand-built cabinets. With some planning and effort, you can craft storage that perfectly fits your space and storage needs.
Frequently Asked Questions
What tools do I need to build metal cabinets?
Essential metalworking tools include tin snips, metal shears, a brake, drill, protective gear like gloves and eye wear, clamps, squares, and levels. Useful extras include a plasma cutter, rivet gun, and sheet metal folder.
What thickness metal should I use?
For most cabinet projects, 22-26 gauge steel or 0.04″-0.063″ aluminum sheets are ideal. Use thicker 16-20 gauge for heavier duty cabinets.
What kind of paint adheres best to metal?
Specialty oil-based and rust-inhibiting metal paints bond best for long-lasting finish. Always apply metal primer first for maximum adhesion.
How much weight can metal cabinets hold?
Properly constructed steel cabinets can safely hold 50-100 lbs on shelves. Drawer slides and hinges should be chosen with appropriate weight ratings as well.
Can I build cabinets from galvanized steel?
Yes, galvanized steel works well for cabinetry due to its inherent corrosion resistance. Just ensure all edges are deburred and be cautious when cutting so galvanization isn’t damaged.
Conclusion
With proper planning, materials, and tools, building your own metal cabinets is an achievable DIY project that allows complete customization. Carefully measure the space, construct rigid boxes with flush seams, hang doors and drawers smoothly, and finish with durable paint. The end result will be durable, high-quality metal cabinetry tailored exactly to your storage needs and design vision. With some persistence and metalworking skills, you can avoid the high cost of custom cabinetry by constructing your own.