How to Build an Outdoor Fountain - Outdoor Cabinets

Building an outdoor fountain can be a fun and rewarding DIY project that adds beauty and serenity to your yard or garden. With some planning, basic construction skills, and readily available materials, you can create a customized fountain tailored to your space. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know to successfully build your own outdoor water feature from start to finish.

Introduction

Outdoor fountains come in endless shapes, sizes, and styles, allowing you to get creative and build one that fits your personal taste. The soothing sound of trickling water is an ideal way to muffle unwanted noise pollution and provide a relaxing ambiance. Fountains also help attract birds, butterflies, and other desirable wildlife to your garden.

When installed properly, an outdoor fountain can last for many years with minimal maintenance required. Constructing your own water feature saves money compared to buying a pre-made fountain, and it enables you to control the design. This project can be scaled to meet your skill level and budget. Simple basin fountains are beginner-friendly, while multi-tiered cascading fountains offer a challenge for more advanced DIYers.

The most important aspects of building an outdoor fountain are choosing a suitable water pump, establishing proper circulation, creating a sturdy basin setup, and weatherproofing materials. This guide will walk through every step of the process in detail, from developing a plan to troubleshooting common issues. Follow along to gain the knowledge and confidence to construct a stunning fountain your family and guests will admire for years to come!

Developing a Plan

Careful planning is crucial when undertaking any major DIY project. Rushing into fountain construction without proper preparation will likely lead to frustration and disappointing results. Here are some key steps to take in the planning stage:

Determine the Fountain Location

Consider visibility from different angles, including from inside your home.
Ensure proximity to an electrical outlet for the pump.
Avoid placing directly under trees to prevent clogs from leaves.
Check for buried pipes or wires before digging.

Decide on a Fountain Design

Simple basin or pedestal styles are beginner-friendly.
For a focal point, consider a multi-tiered cascading fountain.
Incorporate local materials like stones and driftwood.
Make sure the design matches your yard style and space.

Calculate Dimensions

Measure the footprint and height of your planned fountain.
Account for splash overflow space around the fountain.
Confirm your design will fit comfortably in the space.

Select Suitable Materials

Choose durable materials like concrete, stone, or treated wood.
For basins, use watertight materials like plastic liners.
Pick a finish like paint, tile, or stone veneer.

Determine the Pump Size

The minimum pump size is 100 GPH per inch of fountain width.
Too small of a pump will result in insufficient water flow.
Choose a size appropriate for your fountain dimensions.

Create a Shopping List

Inventory needed materials and add up estimated costs.
Order specialty items like the pump early.
Don’t forget essentials like sealant, tubing, fittings and fasteners.

Following these planning steps will set your fountain project up for success!

Choosing an Appropriate Water Pump

Selecting the proper water pump is one of the most critical design decisions for building an effective and efficient outdoor fountain. Here are key factors to consider when choosing a pump:

Pump Flow Rate

Measure fountain width at the widest point.
Minimum pump flow rate is 100 GPH for each inch of width.
Add 100 GPH for each additional fountain tier.
Too low of a flow rate will lead to insufficient water circulation.

Pump Type

Submersible pumps last longer than external pumps.
Get a UL listed pump made specifically for fountains.
Ask about energy efficiency ratings when purchasing.

Pump Size

Measure potential lift height from the pump to the fountain peak.
Check pump specs to ensure sufficient lift capacity.
Larger, more powerful pumps can lift higher and push more water.

Additional Features

Built-in thermal overload protection prevents pump damage.
Check noise level ratings; quieter is better.
Get a pump with adjustable flow control.

Warranty Coverage

Opt for the longest warranty available, ideally 3 years.
Ensure warranty includes replacements and return shipping.

Consult manufacturer pump charts to match flow rates and lift heights to your specific fountain measurements and design. Investing in a quality pond and fountain pump will save money over time.

Establishing Proper Water Circulation

The circulation system you design will determine the fountain’s flow pattern and overall performance. Follow these tips for establishing proper water circulation:

Position Pump Below Water Level

Place submersible pump at bottom basin floor for stability.
Position external pumps adjacent to fountain basin.
Keep pump fully submerged to avoid overheating and burnout.

Secure Tubing and Check Valves

Use the largest tubing that will fit pump outlet.
Secure tubing with clamps and route up backside of fountain.
Install check valves to prevent backflow problems.

Filter Debris Before Pump

Add a pre-filter sponge to pump inlet to catch debris.
Use a skimmer filter in basin to clean water before pump inlet.
Keep pump intake clear for proper water intake.

Conceal Tubing and Cords

Hide tubing and power cords behind or beneath fountain.
Drill cable holes through basin walls if needed.
Consider direct burial cords for a wireless look.

Follow Pump Manufacturer Advice

Refer to pump instructions for proper setup and positioning.
Don’t restrict water intake or outlet flows.
Allow easy access to pump for maintenance needs.

Properly designing and installing the water circulation system saves on electricity bills and prevents many common fountain problems. Take time to plan this crucial step.

Constructing the Fountain Basin

The basin contains the water supply and anchors the fountain structure, making it one of the most important construction components. Here are proven techniques for building a durable fountain basin:

Choose a Watertight Basin Material

Use preformed plastic liners for quick, easy setup.
Seal poured concrete basins with epoxy paint.
Line wood basins with heavy plastic sheeting.
Ensure liners overlap edges with room for adjustments.

Reinforce Basins for Stability

Use rebar or mesh to reinforce poured concrete.
Construct wooden basins with multiple layers.
Place basins on packed gravel bases for good drainage.

Incorporate Waterproofing Finishes

Paint concrete with multiple coats of waterproofing sealer.
Line wood basins with flexible pond underlayment.
Use acrylic fortifier in stucco finishes for water resistance.

Allow for Electrical and Plumbing

Cut notches for water lines and electrical cords.
Drill access holes through basin walls if needed.
Seal penetrations with waterproof silicone.

Include an Overflow Drain

Drill or notch the basin rim for water to exit.
Link overflow to a gravel drainage area.
Prevent water from pooling near foundations.

Building a sturdy basin equipped for water containment is a crucial first step in fountain construction. Invest time into proper design and materials.

Selecting Durable, Weatherproof Materials

Outdoor fountains are exposed to the elements year-round, so choosing suitable materials is key to longevity. Consider these material options:

Concrete

Very durable but heavy to work with.
Accepts stucco, tile, or stone veneers.
Can crack over time; reinforce with rebar or fiber mesh.

Fiberglass

Lightweight and easy to install.
Can be shaped into intricate designs.
Gel coat surface resists chipping and wear.

Natural Stone

Granite, limestone, and sandstone have timeless elegance.
Can stain and require sealing.
Difficult to cut; use thin veneer panels for easier install.

Wood

Easy to work with using basic tools.
Best suited for rustic, Asian, or Zen style fountains.
Use weather and rot resistant cedar, redwood, or treated timber.

Metal

Durable rustproof choices include copper and aluminum.
Can be cut, welded, and cast into custom shapes.
Prone to pitting; keep regularly sealed and painted.

Mosaic Tile

Provides vibrant pops of color and visual interest.
Can crack with ground movement if not properly installed.
Use high-quality waterproof grout and sealant.

Combine materials to add architectural interest. Prioritize longevity by utilizing the most water, mold, and UV resistant options suitable for your climate.

Incorporating Lighting

Strategically placed lighting transforms fountains from daytime focal points to serene nighttime accents. Lighting options include:

Submerged Lights

Illuminate the water from below for a shimmering glow.
Use LED or fiber optic lights with watertight fittings.
Install through the basin or fountain base.

Spotlights

Accentuate specific fountain details and highlights.
LED is energy-efficient; halogen provides better color rendering.
Use weatherproof outdoor spotlights.

Uplighting

Spotlights placed on the ground uplight the water from below.
Creates dramatic shadows and silhouette effects.
Avoid harsh glare with diffusers.

Rope and Accent Lights

Weave miniature lights through stone or statues.
Outline basins and other fountain features.
Provides ambiance without glare.

Solar Lighting

Solar spotlights absorb sunlight during the day.
Provides free illumination all night long.
Position carefully to maximize light exposure.

Lighting can make a dramatic impact on your fountain’s aesthetic. Utilize multiple techniques to create ambiance from dawn to dusk.

Weatherproofing Your Fountain

Outdoor fountains endure year-round exposure to the elements. Follow these tips to maximize weather resistance:

Select Durable, Waterproof Materials

Choose UV, frost, and mold resistant materials.
Seal natural stone and concrete to prevent water damage.
Use plastic liners or underlayment to waterproof basins.

Elevate Electrical Components

Keep pump, wiring, and lights out of standing water.
Consider wireless controls to eliminate cord exposure.
Inspect electrical frequently to look for damage.

Use Freeze-Proof Materials

Avoid thin materials like ceramic that can crack from freezing.
Insulate pump intakes and lines or drain for winter.
Use plastic tubing rather than copper which can burst.

Check and Repair Sealants Regularly

Reapply waterproofing sealers as needed.
Fix any cracks immediately to prevent expanding damage.
Ensure caulk and grout around basins and edges remains intact.

Install a Cover or Shelter

A fountain cover blocks heavy rain, snow loads, and debris.
Partial covers shield from prevailing winds.
Covers also prevent evaporation and algae growth.

Taking protective measures against outdoor elements will keep your fountain looking like new for many years. Don’t skip this critical step!

Installing Plumbing Components

Properly installing the plumbing components creates a closed loop system to contain, circulate, and filter the water supply. Key plumbing steps include:

Secure All Piping Connections

Use plastic tubing or PVC pipe between fountain components.
Firmly seat tubing into fittings and secure with clamps.
Apply Teflon tape to threaded connections for a watertight seal.

Screen Debris from Intake

Fit pump inlet with a foam pre-filter.
Use a skimmer basket or mesh screen.
Prevent debris from clogging the pump impeller.

Include a Check Valve

Install a check valve on the pump outlet line.
Prevents backflow and ensures one-way water flow.
Helps prime the pump and improve circulation.

Add a Ball Valve Shut Off

Ball valves enable isolating and adjusting flow rates.
Shut down quickly for maintenance needs.
Locate valve near pump inlet for easy access.

Elevate Drain Plumbing

Ensure all drain lines slope downward away from fountain.
Position drain outlet lower than basin water level.
Avoid clogged drains by keeping lines clear of debris.

Take care to neatly route and secure all plumbing to create an efficient system free of leaks and clogs.

Troubleshooting Common Problems

Even well-built fountains can develop issues over time that affect performance. Here are some common troubleshooting tips:

Insufficient Water Flow

Check for clogged pump intake or plumbing.
Clean mineral deposits from fountain heads.
Remove algae or other blockages.
Consider upgrading to a larger pump.

Pump Failure

Impeller may be broken; replace defective pump.
Check circuit breaker or try different outlet.
Ensure intake is fully submerged to prevent overheating.

Water Leaking

Tighten fittings and secure loose tubing connections.
Patch small leaks with waterproof sealant.
Drain and repair basin or liners if large leaks develop.

Water Overflowing

Ensure all drains and overflow outlets are unobstructed.
Check for clogs directing water outside the fountain.
Examine circulation system for blockages.

Mold or Algae Growth

Spot clean affected areas and increase water circulation.
Drain, thoroughly clean, and refill water every 2-3 months.
Add algaecide to fountain water as needed.

Routinely inspecting and maintaining your fountain will help detect and resolve minor issues before they become major problems.

Adding Creative Touches

The design options for customizing your fountain are endless! Consider these creative touches:

Incorporate Found Objects

Make it unique by including colorful glass, sea shells, marbles, stones or driftwood.
Adhere found items with durable waterproof construction adhesives.

Use Container Gardens

Surround basin with attractive potted aquatic plants.
Try palms, bamboo, or bright flowers.
Extend garden theme throughout entire yard.

Install Artful Statues

Statues of animals, cherubs, or Greek figures add elegance.
Choose lightweight fiberglass for easier placement.
Illuminate statue details with delicate uplighting.

Add Dimension with Rock Work

Stack natural stones around fountain basin or edges.
Prop up fountain spouts with rock piles.
Embed large boulders into slope behind basin for drama.

Consider Related Water Features

Combine your fountain with pleasing elements like waterfalls or koi ponds.
Use nearby birdbath accents to complement the design.
Add relaxing sound with wind chimes or zen water spinners.

Personalize your fountain with decorative touches that enhance the theme and make it distinctly yours. Get inspired browsing garden photos, then follow your creative intuition.

Maintaining Your Fountain

With proper maintenance and care, your custom-built fountain can provide tranquility and aesthetic appeal for years on end:

Change Water Regularly

Drain, clean, and refill basin every 2-3 months.
Remove debris from pump inlets and outlets.
Replace water lost to evaporation as needed.

Keep Surfaces Clean

Wipe down surfaces to prevent mineral deposits and buildup.
Clean accumulated debris from fountain crevices.
Spot treat or remove algae and other growths.

Protect from Freezing

Shut down, drain all water, and cover fountain in winter.
Store fragile components like pump indoors.
Insulate lines and basin with burlap if unable to drain.

Make Repairs Promptly

Patch small leaks quickly to avoid additional damage.
Replace broken elements like pump impellers right away.
Reapply protective sealants as needed.

Watch for Signs of Wear

Look for cracks, leaks, loose tiles, and eroding grout.
Ensure water flows freely without obstruction.
Note any changes in performance.

Staying vigilant through consistent care and maintenance will extend your fountain’s lifespan and function. Don’t neglect this important responsibility!

Conclusion

Building your own outdoor fountain is an extremely fulfilling project that adds peaceful beauty to your landscape. With adequate planning and preparation, even novice DIYers can create a professional-looking water feature tailored exactly to their vision and space. The relaxation and joy a custom-built fountain provides for your family and guests makes the effort well worthwhile.

Follow the techniques outlined in this comprehensive guide to properly construct the basin, select suitable materials, establish water circulation, incorporate lighting, weatherproof all components, install plumbing, add creative touches, and maintain your fountain. Patience and attention to detail during the building process will ensure you construct a durable, efficient, and visually stunning fountain display.

Invite the soothing sounds of flowing water into your backyard retreat and enjoy your hand-crafted fountain for many years to come! Let your imagination run free as you construct a unique water feature that becomes a cherished landmark welcoming visitors or providing daily serenity.