Building an outdoor bench can be a fun and rewarding DIY woodworking project. With some basic tools and materials, you can create a customized bench perfect for your patio, garden, or yard. This guide will walk you through the entire process of constructing an outdoor bench, from planning and design to assembly and finishing. Follow along to learn key tips for building a bench that is sturdy, weather-resistant, and looks great.
Planning Your Bench Design
The first step is deciding on the size, style, and features for your DIY outdoor bench. Consider the following factors:
Size
- Standard bench sizes range from 4-8 feet long. Measure the space where your bench will go and make sure to leave adequate room on each side.
- Benches 5-6 feet long can comfortably seat 2-3 adults. For additional seating, build a longer bench or make multiple benches.
- The seat depth is usually 12-18 inches. Deeper seats around 18 inches provide more comfort.
- For the height, aim for 17-19 inches from the seat to the ground. This is a comfortable sitting height for most adults.
Style
- Classic styles like farmhouse, cottage, and English garden are popular choices for outdoor benches.
- Look for inspiration from DIY plans, garden photos, architecture in your area, etc.
- Keep it simple but add unique flourishes like decorative cutouts, turned legs, or mixed wood tones.
Features
- Back support makes benches much more comfortable. Attach a back rest or position against a wall.
- Armrests can also enhance comfort, especially for elderly users.
- Storage space underneath utilizes the space efficiently. Leave the seat hinged or removable to access interior storage.
- A contoured seat that is higher in the back and gently slopes down can help with drainage.
- Utilize weather resistant materials and finishes.
Materials
- Cedar and redwood are naturally rot-resistant woods ideal for outdoor furniture. Teak and cypress also hold up well outside.
- For budget-friendly options, pine and fir can work too with proper sealing and maintenance.
- Composite lumber, plastic lumber, and concrete are other alternatives but not as aesthetically pleasing for traditional styles.
Selecting Materials and Hardware
Now that you have a vision for the style and size, make a list of the supplies you will need. Here are the material considerations for an outdoor bench build:
Wood
Choose a rot-resistant wood like cedar, redwood, or teak. For a rustic look, you can use pine or fir and be diligent with sealing and staining. Wood can be purchased from big box stores, lumber yards, or specialty hardwood dealers.
- Use 2x4s and 2x6s for the framing. This dimensional lumber is inexpensive and provides sturdy support.
- Opt for thicker boards like 1×6, 1×8, or 1×10 for bench slats. This prevents sagging over time.
- Wood accent pieces can add decorative touches. Think turned spindles for legs, patterned inlays, curved bracket supports, etc.
Hardware
You’ll need basic hardware to assemble the bench like:
- Exterior wood screws, 3-4″ lengths
- Galvanized or stainless steel bolts, nuts, and washers
- Corner braces for reinforcing joints
- Weather-resistant wood glue
- Exterior-rated polyurethane
- Outdoor stain/sealer
Optional hardware upgrades:
- Hinges and lid supports for storage benches
- Casters for rolling benches
- Treated lumber rated for ground contact
Tools Needed
Having the right tools will make building a bench much easier. Some essentials include:
- Circular saw or miter saw for cutting wood
- Power drill and drill bits
- Level
- Tape measure
- Clamps
- Safety equipment – gloves, eye protection, etc.
- Sandpaper and sanding block
- Paintbrush for stain/sealer
A workshop with a workbench andvices provides the ideal setup. Extension cords and outdoor lighting may also help.
Step-by-Step Building Instructions
Now comes the fun part – let’s walk through how to build your outdoor bench step-by-step:
1. Cut the Wood Pieces to Size
Start by cutting your lumber down to size according to the measurements in your plans. This includes:
- Legs – Cut 4 legs to the specified length. Make them long enough to match your desired bench height.
- Apron – Cut 2 apron boards that span the front and back. These should match the overall length of your bench frame.
- Stretchers – Cut 2 stretchers to length. They will attach between the front and back legs.
- Slats – Cut enough 1×6 or 1×8 slats to cover the width of your seat frame with small gaps between each.
Tips for cutting:
- Review the plans and cut list carefully. Measure twice before each cut.
- Use a power miter saw for straight, quick, and accurate cross cuts.
- Mark cutting lines with a square and pencil. Clamp a straightedge to guide your circular saw if needed.
- Cut wood pieces just slightly longer at first. You can fine tune for a perfect fit during assembly.
2. Assemble the Bench Frame
The next step is to assemble the basic frame using your pre-cut wood pieces. There are a few methods to choose from:
Butt Joints
- Attach each joint with exterior wood screws. Drill pilot holes to prevent splitting.
- Use multiple staggered screws (typically 3-4 per joint) for maximum strength.
- Add corner brackets on the inside faces or metal plates for extra reinforcement.
Lap Joints
- Overlap the wood pieces and drill through both to insert bolts.
- Allows you to hide joinery for a clean look.
- Use washers and tighten bolts securely. Apply wood glue too.
Mortise and Tenon
- Cut mortises in the legs and make tenons on the apron ends for a snug fit.
- Glue and tap joints gently with a mallet to lock in place.
- Occasionally pin with dowels or wedge joints for a more intricate design.
Tips for assembly:
- Ensure corners are square using a carpenter’s square or measuring tape diagonally.
- Clamp pieces firmly in place while installing screws or bolts.
- Allow wood glue to fully cure for 24 hours before additional handling.
3. Add the Seat Slats
Now it’s time to attach the seat slats across the frame. Leaving small gaps between each slat allows for drainage and expansion:
- Mark and predrill screw holes 2-3” from the edge of each slat.
- Position slats side-by-side with a 1⁄4” gap between.
- Attach slats securely through the predrilled holes. don’t over tighten.
- Having a helper makes this easier, using clamps and maintaining even gaps.
Tips for best results:
- Use thicker slat material to prevent sagging over time, like 1×6 boards.
- Arrange boards carefully for the best look. Match wood grain patterns if desired.
- Keep gaps consistent for a clean uniform appearance.
- Allow slats to overhang frame sides by 1-2” for a finished look.
4. Sand the Wood Smooth
Now that assembly is complete, smooth out any rough areas by sanding:
- Begin with 80-100 grit sandpaper for coarse sanding of edges and joints.
- Progress through finer 120 and 220 grits to blend surfaces.
- Sand slats until perfectly smooth and splinter-free.
- Use a sanding block for flat areas and by hand for curved sections.
- Wipe away dust with a cloth between sanding grits.
Safety tips for sanding:
- Wear a dust mask and eye protection.
- Work outside to prevent inhaling fine sawdust.
- Clean sanded dust off immediately to maintain raw wood color.
5. Apply Protective Finish
Sealing the wood is crucial for weather protection and longevity outdoors.
Basic finishing options include:
- Stain – Enriches wood grain and color tones. Pre-treat with a conditioner for best absorption. Apply with a brush and wipe away excess.
- Paint – Covers the wood with opaque protective color. Use a primer first, then apply exterior paint.
- Clear sealers – Provide UV and moisture protection in a clear glossy or matte coat. Spar urethane is a top choice.
- Oils – Soak into the wood for coverage and mild water resistance. Reapply frequently.
- Varnishes – Offer a thick layer of protection but can yellow over time. Use marine grade for best durability.
Finishing tips:
- Lightly sand between coats for maximum adhesion.
- Apply thin even coats following the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Use an angled paintbrush to easily reach narrow slats and crevices.
- Allow proper drying time between coats. Test adhesion before adding more.
- Add a final coat of wax to increase protection. Buff it out for a polished look.
6. Install Optional Accessories
Apply any final touches to complete your custom outdoor bench:
- Add armrests for comfort – attach with exterior screws.
- Include backrest slats following the same methods as the seat.
- Attach caster wheels for mobility.
- Add storage compartments like lift-up seats, side boxes, or lower shelves.
- Install cup holders or USB charging ports for convenience.
- Add cushions or pillows for comfort and decor.
Maintaining and Protecting Your Bench
Taking measures to care for your bench will keep it looking great for years. Recommended maintenance tips include:
- Inspect periodically for signs of damage, wear, mold/mildew, etc.
- Reapply protective sealers as needed, especially if the current coat shows signs of wear.
- Wash occasionally with a mild detergent and rinse well. Allow wood to fully dry.
- Consider covering the bench when not in use to limit sun exposure and moisture.
- Repair nicks and scratches promptly. Sand affected areas and spot treat with fresh stain/paint.
- Adjust any loosened joints like creaky slats. Replace deteriorated slats as needed.
- Check hardware for rust. Sand and repaint if found. Replace severely corroded hardware.
- Avoid letting leaves, dirt, and debris accumulate on the bench surface.
- Relocate indoors or use furniture covers for winter in cold climates.
With the right construction methods and care, an outdoor wood bench can serve as a timeless, comfortable addition to any backyard space. Just relax and enjoy your handcrafted bench for years to come! Let us know if you have any other tips for building and maintaining outdoor benches from wood.
Frequently Asked Questions About Building Outdoor Benches
Here are answers to some of the most common questions about constructing outdoor benches:
What type of wood is best for an outdoor bench?
Look for naturally weather-resistant woods like cedar, redwood, cypress, or teak. Pine and fir are budget-friendly options that require diligent sealing and maintenance.
What tools do I need to build a bench?
You’ll need basic tools like a power drill, circular saw or miter saw, tape measure, carpenter’s square, sandpaper, clamps, and safety equipment. A workbench and vise can also be very helpful.
How deep should the seat be on a bench?
Aim for 12-18 inches deep. Around 15-16 inches allows most adults to sit comfortably. Deeper seats of 18 inches provide ample room.
How long does it take to build a wood bench?
With straight-forward designs, an experienced DIYer can construct a 6 foot bench in 2-3 days. Allow 5-7 days for beginners taking it slow or building a larger/more intricate bench.
What is the best way to join bench pieces?
Butt joints secured with multiple screws and corner brackets are quick and sturdy. For hidden joinery, lap joints with bolts and glue or mortise and tenon joints provide a cleaner look.
How far apart should I space outdoor bench slats?
Leave a gap of 1⁄4” between each slat for drainage and wood expansion. Stagger the slats similar to a deck for the most natural look.
Can you paint or stain treated lumber?
Yes, you should still apply exterior stains or paints to treated lumber for appearance and added protection. Be sure the treatment chemicals have fully dried first.
What can I use to anchor my bench to the ground?
For permanent installations, use masonry anchors attached through the legs into a concrete slab or the ground. This prevents movement or theft.
Should outdoor benches be covered?
Covering a bench when not in use will extend its lifespan, especially in harsh climates. Use a tarp, furniture cover, or weatherproof storage box that allows airflow.
Final Thoughts
Building your own outdoor bench is an achievable and rewarding weekend project for any DIYer. Follow the techniques, tips, and recommendations outlined above and you’ll have a gorgeous customized bench that becomes a permanent backyard focal point for years of memories. Not only do you get to save money and pick every detail of the design, but the finished product will have your personal hand-crafted touch that store-bought furniture simply can’t replicate. So get out your tools, put these building instructions to use, and soon you’ll be relaxing on your very own handmade outdoor bench!