Introduction
Replacing an outdoor faucet stem is a straightforward do-it-yourself project that can save you money on plumbing repair costs. With some basic tools and a little patience, most homeowners can replace a leaky or damaged outdoor faucet stem in less than an hour.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the entire process of replacing an outdoor faucet stem step-by-step. We’ll cover how to identify the most common outdoor faucet types, what tools you’ll need, how to shut off the water supply, how to remove the faucet handle and packing nut, how to extract the old stem, how to replace it with a new stem, and finally how to reassemble everything and restore water flow.
By the end of this guide, you’ll have the knowledge and confidence to tackle this project yourself and avoid paying a plumber. So let’s get started!
What You’ll Need
Before you begin, make sure you have the following tools and materials on hand:
- Adjustable wrenches or pliers
- Bucket
- Replacement outdoor faucet stem kit (match your existing faucet)
- Teflon tape
- Rag or towel
- Needle-nose pliers (optional)
- Utility knife (optional)
- Flashlight (optional)
Key tip: Take a photo of your existing outdoor faucet before disassembling it. This will help you match the replacement parts correctly.
Shutting Off the Water
The first step is to locate the shut-off valve for the outdoor faucet and turn off the water supply. This is usually an angle stop valve located indoors near an exterior wall.
To be safe, it’s best to shut off the main water supply to the entire house while completing this project. This will prevent any accidents if the outdoor faucet is connected to a line that supplies an indoor faucet as well.
Once the water is off, open the outdoor faucet to release any built-up pressure and drain any residual water from the line. This will help prevent splashing when you remove parts later.
Removing the Faucet Handle
There are two main ways outdoor faucet handles are secured:
Screw-Off Handle
This is the most common type. There will be a screw near the base of the handle that needs to be loosened with a screwdriver. Once loosened, the handle should slide right off.
Set Screw Handle
There will be a small set screw on the side or underside of the handle. Loosen this with an Allen wrench and the handle should pull off easily.
Once the handle is removed, the packing nut will be exposed. This is a threaded ring around the stem that compresses the O-ring to prevent leaks. Use an adjustable wrench or pliers to loosen and unthread the packing nut. Set it aside somewhere safe.
Removing the Stem Assembly
With the packing nut removed, you should be able to wiggle the stem assembly free from the faucet body using your fingers or pliers. Be careful not to damage the stem.
If it won’t budge, spray some penetrating oil around the stem and let it sit for 5-10 minutes to loosen any corrosion before trying again. If it still won’t move, you may need to use an internal stem wrench to slowly work it free.
Once extracted, inspect the old stem for any cracks or damage. Make sure the new replacement stem matches the style and length of the old one. Clean any grime from the faucet body as well so the new stem can seat properly.
Installing the New Stem
The new replacement stem will likely come pre-lubricated, but add some additional plumber’s grease or silicone grease to the O-rings to help it glide into place smoothly.
Slowly insert the new stem into the faucet body and press it all the way down until fully seated. You may need to wiggle it gently to get it aligned correctly.
Reassembling the Faucet
Now it’s time to reverse the disassembly steps:
- Slide the packing nut over the new stem and hand tighten it back into place around the faucet body. Use an adjustable wrench to tighten 1/4 turn past hand tight.
- Replace the handle on the stem. Make sure it is aligned correctly before fully tightening the handle screw or set screw.
- Wrap Teflon tape around the faucet threads 2-3 times. This will prevent leaks.
- Turn the main water supply back on and check for any drips or leaks around the packing nut. Tighten further if needed.
- Turn the faucet on and off a few times and check for proper water flow and drainage.
That’s it! You’ve successfully replaced the outdoor faucet stem. Total repair time should be less than an hour if no major issues come up. Nice work!
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Here are some tips for resolving any problems that arise during your faucet stem replacement project:
Leaky packing nut: Tighten the packing nut further by 1/8 to 1/4 turns until leak stops. Replace O-ring if needed.
Handle loose: Tighten set screw or handle screw. If still loose, stem may be damaged or wrong size.
Low water flow: Clean sediment from faucet aerator screen. Replace aerator if needed.
No water flow: Ensure water supply is on. Take apart faucet to check for obstructions. Replace stem if faulty.
Leaking valve seat: Take stem out and inspect seat for cracks or debris. Clean or replace as needed.
Can’t remove stem: Apply more penetrating oil and let sit before trying again. Use internal stem wrench for stubborn stems.
Stripped faucet threads: Apply Teflon tape or thread sealant. If still leaking, may need faucet replacement.
Preventative Maintenance
Here are some tips to keep your outdoor faucets in good working order:
- Inspect washers and O-rings when doing seasonal faucet maintenance. Replace if worn.
- Lubricate stem O-rings annually with silicone grease to prevent drying out.
- Make sure packing nut is tight enough to prevent leaks but not overtightened.
- Drain and shut off outdoor faucets before first freeze of winter to prevent freeze damage.
- Extend hose bibs further from wall to prevent freeze damage in cold climates.
- Install frost-proof sillcocks if dealing with frequent sub-freezing temperatures.
- Caulk around faucet base to seal any gaps or cracks that could lead to leaks.
- Consider installing a backflow preventer valve for an added layer of protection.
When to Call a Plumber
While a leaky outdoor faucet stem is generally an easy DIY fix, there are times you may want to call in a professional plumber:
- If the faucet valve seat is cracked and needs replacement. This requires special tools.
- If you have galvanized steel pipes that are severely corroded.
- If the outdoor faucet is leaking from multiple points and needs complete replacement.
- If you have very old, rusty plumbing that needs extensive repairs.
- If you lack the tools, time or patience for a DIY repair. Plumbers have specialized expertise.
Replacing an outdoor faucet stem is well within most homeowners’ DIY capabilities. But for more complex faucet repairs, the experience of a professional plumber is recommended.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are outdoor faucet stems made of?
Most are made from brass or stainless steel and contain rubber washers for sealing. Plastic stems are also common but less durable.
What should I do in winter to prevent freeze damage?
Drain all water from outdoor faucets. Shut off indoor shut-off valves. Consider installing frost-proof sillcocks in cold climates.
Why does my faucet drip even after replacing the stem?
This is likely due to a worn out rubber seat and washer inside the faucet body. Replace these as well.
Can I use an adjustable stem to replace an outdoor faucet stem?
Yes, adjustable replacement stems are made to fit and seal most standard outdoor faucet bodies.
My outdoor faucet has low water flow. What should I check?
Make sure the aerator screen is clear of sediment. Clean or replace the aerator if needed to improve flow.
How often should outdoor faucet stems be replaced?
Faucet stems usually last 10-15 years with proper maintenance. Replace immediately if any drips, leaks or damage occur.
What size stem do I need for my outdoor faucet?
Measure the exposed length of the existing stem and match that size. Most are 1/2″, 3/4″ or 1″ length.
Can I repair just the washer instead of replacing the whole stem?
It’s best to replace the entire stem since the rubber washers are sealed inside. This ensures a full repair.
How do I remove a stuck outdoor faucet stem?
Apply penetrating oil and let sit 15 minutes. Use pliers or a stem wrench for grip. Twist gently to work it loose.
Conclusion
Replacing an outdoor faucet stem is a straightforward DIY plumbing job that can breathe new life into an old leaky faucet. With the right tools and replacement parts, this repair can be accomplished in under an hour without needing to call a plumber.
The key steps are shutting off water, disassembling the faucet, extracting the old stem, installing a new stem, and reassembling everything properly with fresh seals. Take your time and be gentle yet firm.
With this guide’s detailed instructions and tips, any homeowner should feel empowered to complete an outdoor faucet stem replacement successfully. Just exercise patience and caution, and you’ll save money while keeping your outdoor faucet in good working order for years to come.