Staining outdoor wood furniture can help protect it from the elements while also enhancing its beauty. With the right stain and application technique, you can give your outdoor wood furniture a rich, natural color that showcases the wood grain. This guide will walk you through the process of choosing, preparing, and applying stain to outdoor wood furniture.
Choosing an Outdoor Wood Stain
When selecting a stain for outdoor wood furniture, consider the following factors:
Oil-Based vs. Water-Based
- Oil-based stains penetrate deeply into the wood grain to provide durable protection. They highlight the natural color and texture of the wood. However, oil-based stains require mineral spirits for cleanup.
- Water-based stains provide protection while allowing the natural wood grain to show through. Water clean-up makes them easier to apply. However, they don’t penetrate as deeply into the wood.
Transparent, Semi-Transparent, Semi-Solid, and Solid
- Transparent stains provide minimal color change, allowing the natural wood grain and color to show through clearly.
- Semi-transparent stains provide some color while still allowing some of the wood grain to show through.
- Semi-solid stains provide more uniform, opaque coverage with limited wood grain visibility.
- Solid stains provide complete opaque coverage like a paint, fully concealing the wood grain.
Color and Tone
Consider the color of your furniture and whether you want to maintain a similar tone or change it entirely. Light color stains add brightness but show flaws more. Darker stains hide imperfections better. Test samples on inconspicuous areas first.
UV Protection
Opt for stains with UV absorbers to help resist sun damage and fading.
Mold and Mildew Resistant
Stains with EPA registered fungicide can help prevent mold and mildew growth in damp environments.
Weather Resistance
Select a stain rated for exterior use with excellent fade, crack, and peel resistance.
Preparing Wood Furniture for Staining
Proper preparation is crucial for outdoor wood staining. Here are some tips:
Cleaning
Remove dirt, grime, mold and mildew with a wood cleaning solution. Rinse thoroughly and allow to dry completely.
Sanding
Lightly sand with 120-150 grit sandpaper to smooth the surface and remove any existing finishes or discoloration. Always sand in the direction of the wood grain.
Removing Existing Stain
Use a stain-removing chemical if changing color drastically. Rinse thoroughly after use.
Filling Cracks and Holes
Fill any cracks, holes, or defects with water-resistant wood filler. Allow to dry fully and sand smooth.
Removing Hardware
Remove any hardware like pulls, hinges, or knobs prior to staining. Replace after the stain has dried.
Masking Off Areas
Use painters tape and drop cloths to mask off any areas you don’t want stained.
Wood Conditioner
For soft or porous woods, apply a pre-stain wood conditioner to help achieve an even stain application.
How to Apply Exterior Wood Stain
Follow these steps for staining outdoor wood furniture:
1. Stir Stain Thoroughly
Stir the stain until it’s fully mixed and uniform in color. For oil-based stains, stir occasionally during use.
2. Test Stain on Inconspicuous Area
Test a small amount on a bottom side or underside to confirm color results before applying to the whole piece.
3. Apply Stain with Brush or Rag
Use a natural bristle brush or lint-free cloth. Apply stain in the direction of the wood grain.
4. Remove Excess Stain
After 5-15 minutes, wipe off any excess stain with a clean rag before it dries. Remove more for lighter color or less for darker color.
5. Apply Second Coat If Needed
For more color intensity, apply a second coat after the first has dried. Lightly sand between coats.
6. Allow Stain to Dry
Let stain dry 24-48 hours. Avoid direct sunlight or high heat during drying.
7. Apply Protective Topcoat (Optional)
For added protection, apply one or two coats of a clear exterior wood finish, like polyurethane.
8. Reinstall Hardware
Once fully dry, put back any hardware that was removed prior to staining.
How to Maintain Outdoor Wood Furniture Stain
To keep your stained outdoor wood looking its best:
- Wipe down regularly with a damp cloth to remove dirt and debris.
- Sand lightly and reapply stain annually or as needed to refresh color.
- Apply a fresh topcoat every 2-3 years for optimal protection.
- Store furniture indoors or cover during harsh weather.
- Avoid placing hot objects or liquids directly on the surface.
Proper prep work, application, care, and maintenance will allow your stained outdoor wood furniture to withstand the elements while enhancing your outdoor living space.
Frequently Asked Questions About Staining Outdoor Wood Furniture
What type of wood works best for outdoor furniture?
Teak, cedar, redwood, pine, fir, and cypress are all good woods for outdoor use because they naturally resist rot and insect damage. Hardwoods like oak can also work well.
Should I use oil or water-based stain on outdoor furniture?
Oil-based stains are preferred for their deeper penetration into the wood. However, water-based stains are almost as durable today and offer easier cleanup.
How long does outdoor wood stain last?
On average, exterior wood stains last 1-2 years before needing to be reapplied. Harsh weather, sun exposure, and usage will affect wear.
What color stain is best for outdoor furniture?
Lighter, transparent stains show wear sooner but highlight the wood grain. Medium to darker semi-transparent stains provide more color and hide flaws better.
What sheen should I use – high gloss or matte?
Matte and satin finishes hide imperfections best. High gloss shows wear quicker. Satin is a good middle-ground.
Should I finish over stain on outdoor wood?
Yes, apply 1-2 coats of exterior polyurethane or varnish on top of stain for added protection from moisture, UV rays, and weathering.
How do I get old stain off outdoor furniture?
Use a deck stain stripper or ammonia solution to remove old stain from outdoor furniture. Thoroughly rinse wood with water after stripping.
Why is my outdoor wood stain peeling?
Stain may peel if applied too heavily, in hot sun, if the wood was wet, or if a topcoat wasn’t applied for added protection.
How can I revive wood that is gray and weathered?
Lightly sand gray, weathered wood and apply a wood brightener solution. When dry, restain and seal the wood.
What temperature should it be to stain outdoor furniture?
Ideally between 50-90°F. Avoid staining in direct sunlight or if rain is expected. Extreme cold or heat affects absorption.
Conclusion
Staining is an ideal way to enhance and protect outdoor wood furniture. With proper preparation, application, and maintenance, you can achieve beautiful, long-lasting results. Be sure to choose a quality penetrating stain with UV protection. Oil-based stains are best, but water-based offer easy soap-and-water cleanup. Apply an exterior topcoat for added protection. With these staining tips, you can makeover faded outdoor furniture or maintain the beauty of new pieces for seasons to come.