Introduction
Laying outdoor tiles can greatly enhance the aesthetic appeal and functionality of any outdoor space. However, it’s important to plan the project carefully and lay the tiles properly to ensure durability and longevity. This comprehensive guide will provide all the necessary information on how to lay outdoor tiles successfully.
Choosing the Right Outdoor Tiles
Tile Types
There are several types of tiles suitable for outdoor use:
- Ceramic tiles – Made of clay and come in a huge variety of colors, shapes, sizes and textures. Very durable but can crack if subjected to heavy impacts.
- Porcelain tiles – Made from clay but fired at high temperatures making them denser and more durable than regular ceramic tiles. Withstand freezing temperatures and resist staining.
- Natural stone tiles – Extracted from quarries. Types include slate, bluestone, travertine, limestone etc. Can last decades but need resealing every few years.
- Concrete tiles – Made by blending cement, sand, water and pigments. Very durable and available in many patterns and colors. Can crack under heavy weight.
- Glass tiles – Made from recycled glass and come in an unlimited range of colors and finishes. Prone to cracking and chipping so suitable only for low-traffic areas.
- Mosaic tiles – Small tiles usually 1 inch square or less. Can be made from ceramic, porcelain or natural stone. Used to create intricate patterns.
Factors to Consider
- Traffic – High traffic areas like driveways and patios need more durable tiles like porcelain or natural stone. Glass mosaic not ideal for high traffic.
- Climate – Cold climates need tiles rated for freeze-thaw capability. Non-porous porcelain is very frost-resistant.
- Water exposure – Areas exposed to water like pool decks need tiles with low water absorption ratings. Porcelain has very low absorption.
- Style – Match the tile style to the overall landscape design. Ceramic offers maximum design flexibility.
- Grip – Textured tiles provide better traction especially when wet. Choose textured porcelain or stone for pool decks.
- Cost – Ceramic is most affordable. Porcelain and natural stone are higher priced. Large format tiles cost more.
- Maintenance – Unglazed tiles resist staining best but need sealing. Glazed tiles easier to clean but susceptible to scuffing.
Preparing the Installation Area
Proper prep work ensures the tiles adhere evenly and securely over time.
Clean and Level the Surface
Remove all debris, grease, paint or anything that can prevent adhesion. Scrape off high spots and fill any low spots or cracks with patching compound to level the area.
Install a Gravel Base (for Ground Level)
Spread 2-4 inches of crushed gravel over the area and compact with a hand tamper. This provides proper drainage under the tiles.
Install Concrete Backerboard
On surfaces like wood or concrete patios, fasten 1/4 or 1/2 inch concrete backerboard using construction adhesive and screws. This provides a stable subsurface.
Use Adhesive for Existing Tiles
If tiling over existing tiles, scuff the old tiles, clean thoroughly and apply a tile bonding adhesive before laying new tiles.
Create Slope for Drainage
Ensure the subsurface has a 1/4 inch per foot slope for proper drainage, especially around pools and fountains.
How to Lay the Tiles
Follow these steps for proper outdoor tile installation:
Choose Starting Point
Determine the focal point like a stepping stone and lay full tiles there first. Work outward from that point.
Apply Mortar
Spread thinset mortar using a notched trowel. Use additional back-butter technique for natural stone tiles.
Set Tiles
Place tiles firmly into the mortar pressing down slightly. Use spacers between tiles for consistent spacing and alignment.
Cut Edge Tiles
Measure and mark tiles to fit edges and contours. Cut with wet saw or tile cutter. Smooth cut edges before installing.
Apply Grout
Let mortar cure completely before grouting. Sweep over joints and apply grout using rubber grout float pressing into joints.
Clean Excess Grout
Wipe diagonally across tiles with a damp sponge to remove excess grout as you work before it dries. Rinse sponge frequently.
Seal Grout
Once grout has cured, apply grout sealer with a small foam brush. This protects grout from stains. Apply sealant every 1-2 years.
Seal Natural Stone (if using)
Apply natural stone sealer to entire surface and edges of stone tiles per manufacturer instructions. Reapply sealer periodically.
Tiling Outdoor Steps
Outdoor steps require extra care especially on the tread and riser. Use slip-resistant tiles on the tread and small 1-inch mosaic tiles on the riser. This hides uneven cutting lines. Bullnose tiles finish the tread edges nicely. Extend tiles 2 inches past each step edge.
Tiling Pattern Ideas
Creative tiling patterns add visual interest. Combining sizes or tile types creates unique effects.
Horizontal Stacked Bond
Stack tiles with thin grout lines in horizontal rows. Suitable for rectangular or square tiles. Simple and clean pattern.
Diagonal Stacked Bond
Place tiles diagonally in straight rows with thin joints. Creates a modern zig-zag look. Works with most tile shapes.
Herringbone
Tiles are laid in opposite directions creating a V-shape design. Use rectangular or square tiles 2 inches or larger.
Basketweave
Arrange rectangular tiles perpendicular and parallel to each other like a woven basket. Highlights the shape of tiles.
Subway
Simple pattern with rectangular tiles installed in a “brickwork” arrangement with offset vertical seams. Classic and versatile look.
Caring for Outdoor Tiles
Follow these maintenance tips to keep your outdoor tiles looking like new for years:
- Sweep tiles regularly with stiff broom to remove dirt and debris especially between joints.
- Blot spills and stains quickly to avoid absorption. Spot clean with mild cleaner and soft cloth.
- Deep clean tiles periodically with commercial tile cleaner and stiff scrub brush. Rinse thoroughly.
- Reseal grout lines annually. Apply new coat of sealer over entire surface every 2-3 years.
- Check for cracked or damaged tiles and re-adhere or replace immediately to prevent further damage.
- In cold climates, remove snow promptly with plastic shovel to prevent freeze-thaw damage.
- For natural stone, refresh sealer every 1-2 years depending on exposure and traffic.
FAQs
Can I install tiles on uneven ground?
Yes, add a 2-4 inch gravel base over the uneven ground and compact with a hand tamper to form an even subsurface for the tiles. The gravel allows for proper drainage.
What thinset mortar should I use outdoors?
Use a polymer-modified mortar suitable for exterior applications. This type contains additives for better adhesion and water resistance. Unsanded mortar works for narrow grout joints.
How much mortar should I apply on the back of each tile?
Use the back-buttering method, applying a thin layer of mortar on the back of the tile before setting into the fresh mortar bed. This provides maximum coverage.
Can tiles be laid directly over plywood or OSB?
No, an additional layer of concrete backerboard must be installed over the wood first to prevent moisture damage and provide a stable subsurface.
How long should I wait before grouting outdoor tiles?
Wait at least 24 hours for mortar to cure before applying grout. Check mortar for dampness which indicates it is not fully cured yet. More time may be needed in cold weather.
What is the best grout for outdoor tiles?
Use a flexible, waterproof epoxy grout for outdoor tiles. Unlike cement grout, epoxy grout resists cracking and water erosion better and requires no sealing.
How do I cut outdoor tiles?
Mark the required size and use a wet saw with a diamond blade for straight cuts. A manual tile cutter can also be used on most tile types. Use a grinder for L-shaped, curved or irregular cuts.
How can I revive my faded tiles?
For glazed ceramic/porcelain tiles, a grout colorant can help renew the overall appearance. Resealing may also helpporous tiles look refreshed. Natural stone may need professional honing.
What is the best way to clean outdoor tiles?
Sweep frequently to prevent dirt from accumulating. Mix a mild detergent and warm water and scrub tiles with a stiff brush. Rinse thoroughly with clean water. Avoid harsh chemicals.
Conclusion
Installing outdoor tiles can transform your patio, garden path or pool surround with beauty, charm and functionality. Pay close attention to preparing the subsurface, selecting durable outdoor tile material, proper installation techniques, and ongoing maintenance. The result will be a lovely tiled outdoor area you can enjoy for decades to come. With proper care, your outdoor tiles can maintain their beauty despite harsh weather exposure.