Installing tile outdoors comes with its own unique set of challenges compared to indoor tile installation. The elements can take a toll on outdoor tiles over time. Using the proper tile adhesive is crucial for creating a long-lasting, durable outdoor tile installation that can withstand the weather. When selecting an outdoor tile adhesive, there are several factors to consider to determine the best option.
Factors to Consider When Choosing an Outdoor Tile Adhesive
Weather Resistance
The most important feature of an outdoor tile adhesive is its ability to stand up to the elements without breaking down. Here are some weather conditions to consider:
- Moisture resistance – Outdoor adhesives need to be waterproof and resistant to moisture absorption. Look for adhesives suitable for pool, fountain, and other wet area installations.
- UV resistance – Sunlight can degrade some adhesives. Using a UV-resistant product prevents yellowing or other damage from the sun’s rays.
- Freeze-thaw stability – Temperature fluctuations from freezing to thawing can compromise some adhesives. Choose an adhesive rated for freeze-thaw stability.
- Flexibility – Outdoor surfaces expand and contract with temperature changes. The adhesive must be flexible enough to handle this movement without cracking.
Type of Tile
Consider the tile type you plan to install when selecting the adhesive:
- Ceramic or porcelain – Modified thinset mortar adhesives provide excellent adhesion for ceramic and porcelain tiles.
- Natural stone – Use a premium adhesive formulated for natural stone to prevent staining or absorption issues.
- Glass tiles – Use a white thinset adhesive for glass tiles to prevent visibility issues.
Location of Installation
Select an adhesive suitable for the installation location:
- Horizontal surfaces – Use an adhesive with non-sagging properties for floors, patios, walkways.
- Vertical surfaces – Choose an adhesive with non-slump characteristics for walls, fountains, pool surfaces.
- Submerged surfaces – Adhesives rated for prolonged water submersion are required for pool installations.
- High-traffic areas – Use a heavy duty adhesive for driveways, commercial floors, or other areas subjected to heavy foot traffic.
Ease of Use
Consider application and working time when selecting an adhesive:
- Premixed vs. powder – Premixed adhesives offer quicker, easier application for DIY projects. Powder mortar mixes provide longer working time.
- Thin-set vs. medium bed – Thin-set mortars allow thinner adhesive layers for tile. Medium bed adhesives are thicker for uneven surfaces.
- Open time – Longer open times keep the adhesive workable before drying. Useful for large installations.
- Adjustability – Adhesives with longer adjustability make aligning tiles easier.
Best Adhesive Options for Outdoor Tile
With all of these factors in mind, here are some top-rated adhesive options suitable for most outdoor tile installations:
Laticrete Outdoor Thin-Set Mortar
Laticrete is a trusted brand for outdoor tile adhesives. Their outdoor thin-set mortar is a premium polymer-fortified adhesive that gains strength when immersed in water. It provides maximum adhesion power, flexibility, and weather-resistance. Suitable for all tile types in freezing and wet conditions.
Mapei Ultraflex LFT
Mapei Ultraflex LFT is a popular versatile thin-set mortar rated for total submersion and freeze-thaw stability. Its flexibility makes it an excellent choice for outdoor installations prone to movement and cracks. Ideal for pools, fountains, and shower installations.
Custom Building Products Glass Tile Premium Thin-Set
As the name suggests, this white adhesive is specially designed for glass mosaic tiles. It retains its bright white color and provides a strong water-resistant bond and flexibility for outdoor and wet area glass tile installations.
Quikrete Commercial Grade Thin Set Mortar
Quikrete thin set mortar is a pre-blended, polymer-modified adhesive suitable for exterior and wet area tile installations. It spreads easily, bonds well, and provides a water-resistant adhesive layer. An economical option for DIYers.
Bostik Ultra-Set SingleFlex
This thin set adhesive has high flexibility and bond strength in hot and cold conditions. It has an extended open time and adjustability ideal for large exterior jobs. The non-slump formula applies easily to vertical surfaces.
Best Application Practices for Outdoor Tile Adhesives
Installing tile outdoors isn’t quite as simple as indoors. Follow these best practices when using outdoor thin-set adhesives for the most durable results:
- Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper mixing and application.
- Apply an even, consistent layer of adhesive using the recommended trowel size. Spread only as much adhesive as can be tiled before skinning over.
- Use proper back-buttering techniques for larger tiles and uneven surfaces. This provides full coverage and adhesive contact.
- Work the tiles firmly into the adhesive using a rubbing motion to flatten ridges and achieve maximum adhesion.
- Allow the specified curing time before grouting or exposing the tiles to foot traffic or water. This allows the adhesive to fully harden and strengthen.
- Avoid application in extreme heat or direct sunlight which can flash-dry the adhesive too quickly. Work in the shade whenever possible.
- Pay close attention to substrate preparation and movement joint placement to allow for outdoor conditions.
With the right choice of outdoor tile adhesive and proper installation technique, you can achieve a strong, durable outdoor tile installation that will provide lasting beauty and stand the test of time. Consult manufacturer guidelines and enlist the help of an experienced tile setter for best results on large or complex outdoor tiling projects.
Frequently Asked Questions
What makes an outdoor tile adhesive different than indoor products?
Outdoor adhesives are specially formulated with polymers, additives, and materials to withstand moisture, weathering, and freeze-thaw cycles that standard indoor adhesives cannot handle.
Can I use an indoor tile adhesive outdoors?
It is not recommended. Indoor adhesives will break down quickly when exposed to moisture and weather. Always use an adhesive rated for exterior use when installing outdoor tiles.
What application challenges do I need to know for outdoor tile?
Substrate preparation, proper spacing for movement joints, preventing adhesion issues from moisture or debris, and allowing adequate curing time are some key considerations for outdoor tile success.
What adhesive do I use for pool tile?
Use a polymer-fortified mortar adhesive specifically rated for total, permanent submersion in water. Laticrete and Mapei are two brands that make adhesives suitable for pool and fountain tile.
How do I know if my outdoor tile adhesive has fully cured?
Check the adhesive manufacturer’s instructions. Most outdoor adhesives cure in 24-48 hours but some may take 72 hours or longer to fully cure before grouting or exposure to water.
Conclusion
Installing tile outdoors brings unique challenges but using the best tile adhesive for outdoor use makes getting reliable results much easier. Choosing a weatherproof adhesive designed for exterior application that fits your specific tile type and project needs is key. With the right outdoor thin-set mortar and proper installation technique, you can create a gorgeous and long-lasting outdoor tile installation. Carefully follow all manufacturer instructions and allow adequate curing time for best durability.