Outdoor wood requires special treatment and maintenance to withstand the elements and prolong its lifespan. Proper wood treatment enhances appearance while protecting against moisture, UV rays, mold, mildew, and insect damage. This comprehensive guide will provide DIYers the essential information on selecting the right products and techniques to care for and beautify outdoor wood projects.
Why Treating Outdoor Wood Is Essential
Wood used outdoors is constantly exposed to rain, sun, snow, and fluctuating temperatures and humidity levels. This can lead to cracking, splintering, cupping, fungal growth, discoloration, and accelerated deterioration if the wood is not properly sealed and maintained.
Treating outdoor wood provides numerous important benefits:
- Moisture protection – Sealants prevent water absorption into the wood fibers. This maintains stability and prevents warping, rotting, and mold growth.
- UV protection – Outdoor wood finishes shield against ultraviolet rays from the sun which can discolor, fade, or break down exterior wood.
- Pest resistance – Treated wood resists termites, carpenter ants, wood-boring beetles.
- Mildew & mold inhibition – Sealants block moisture and prevent fungal growth on the surface.
- Enhanced longevity – Proper finishing protects the integrity of the wood, extending its lifespan significantly.
- Improved appearance – Stains, paints, and clear coats protect outdoor wood’s beauty against weathering effects.
How to Prepare Outdoor Wood for Treatment
Proper prep work is the first critical step for any effective outdoor wood treatment. Carefully following these steps will allow the protective finish to adhere and perform at optimal levels:
Clean Thoroughly
Use a stiff bristle brush and a cleaning solution of 1/3 bleach and 2/3 water to scrub away dirt, grime, mold, mildew stains, and loose previous coatings. Rinse thoroughly. Let the wood dry completely before the next steps.
Remove Surface Debris
Use 220 grit sandpaper to sand away any splintered or cracked areas, globs of old paint or varnish, raised grain, and remaining surface stains. Always sand with the direction of the wood grain. Thoroughly dust off all sanding residue.
Repair Damage
Inspect closely and repair any holes, splits, gaps, warped boards, or nail pops with appropriate wood fillers, patches, or adhesives before finishing. Allow repairs to cure fully.
Bleach (Optional)
For gray weathered wood or to lighten color, use an oxalic acid wood bleach solution and brighten according to product directions. Neutralize bleached surfaces then allow wood to dry 24 hours before coating.
Once these preparatory steps are complete, the outdoor wood surface will ready for sealing and protection.
Outdoor Wood Treatment Options
There are a variety of effective formulas available to properly treat and beautify exterior wood. Consider where the project is located, the amount of direct sun and moisture exposure, and the desired look when selecting among these top options:
Stains
Description: Pigmented oils that penetrate wood pores to impart color while allowing some of the underlying grain to show. Some contain UV blockers and water repellants.
Best for: Decks, fences, siding, outdoor furniture. Provides protection along with desired hues.
Application: Stain brush, wiping cloth, paint pad. Follow manufacturer instructions.
Maintenance: Often requires reapplication every 1-2 years.
Paints/Solid Color Stains
Description: Formulated with binders to provide opaque, protective color without obscuring wood grain. More durable than basic stains.
Best for: Siding, trim, fences, outdoor structures like sheds and gazebos. Provides maximum UV protection.
Application: Brush, roller, or sprayer. Use primer for new wood.
Maintenance: Can last 3-5 years before touch ups needed.
Clear Wood Sealer
Description: Non-pigmented coatings like varnish, shellac, and polyurethane that waterproof and protect exterior wood integrity.
Best for: Decks, outdoor furniture, planter boxes, cutting boards. Preserves natural color.
Application: Brush on 2-3 thin coats. Avoid over-brushing.
Maintenance: Requires reapplication every 1-2 years.
Wood Preservatives
Description: Solutions with pesticides and fungicides to penetrate deep into wood cells and resist insect and moisture damage. Often aready diluted for brush on use.
Best for: Fence posts, shingles, under siding, patio substructures, railroad ties, picnic tables. Basic protection for less visible outdoor pieces.
Application: Brush on liberally according to product directions. Often requires re-coating annually.
Maintenance: Reapply as directed, usually every 1-2 years.
Marine Spar Varnish
Description: Formulated for wood constantly exposed to water. Flexible resins expand and contract with wood while repelling water.
Best for: Docks, boats, outdoor furniture, planter boxes. Provides maximum water protection.
Application: Brush on up to 6 thin coats, sanding lightly between each.
Maintenance: Requires refinishing every 1-2 years.
How to Apply Outdoor Wood Sealants
Follow these key tips for properly coating outdoor wood with the finish of your choice:
- Carefully read and follow label instructions for application methods, dry times, cleanup, and precautions.
- Only apply finishes when ambient temperatures are between 50-90°F with low humidity. Avoid painting in direct sunlight.
- Stir products thoroughly before and during application. Mix in anti-slip additives for decks/steps.
- Use quality bristle brushes sized for the surface. Clean brushes promptly after use.
- Apply in direction of the wood grain using thin, even, overlapping strokes.
- Coat all surfaces – sides, edges, endgrains for maximum protection.
- Allow proper drying time between coats. Lightly sand between coats for maximum adhesion.
- Apply protective finishes every 1-2 years or whenever visual signs of wear appear.
Proper application techniques will provide a beautiful, protective treatment to enhance and safeguard outdoor wood.
10 Tips for Taking Care of Outdoor Wood Furniture
Outdoor furniture enhances patio and porch enjoyment, but requires proper maintenance to withstand weathering and prolong its use. Follow these easy methods for keeping outdoor wood furniture looking its best:
- Clean often – Use a soft bristle scrub brush and mild soap and water to remove dirt, pollen, mold, and mildew before it becomes ingrained.
- Inspect for damage – Check for splinters, cracks, loose joinery, or hardware. Make all necessary repairs promptly.
- Apply protective finish – Maintain the wood’s integrity with formulated exterior stains or sealers made for outdoor use.
- Keep covered – Use furniture covers, waterproof storage bags, or bring pieces indoors when not in use to avoid excess moisture and sun exposure.
- Avoid pooling water – Keep wood from direct contact with wet surfaces which can lead to water marks, warping, and rot over time.
- Weatherproof hardware – Use exterior rated screws, nails, and fasteners. Stainless steel resists rust. Lubricate moving parts.
- Check for pests – Watch for carpenter bees, termites, ants, or signs of other wood boring insects. Treat infestations right away.
- Consider seasonal storage – For regions with harsh winters, store furniture in a shed or garage to avoid damage from heavy snow, ice, and freezing temperatures.
- Repair immediately – Fix nicks, gouges, or scratches with wood filler as soon as they appear to avoid excess moisture intake.
- Deep clean annually – Use a power washer once a year to remove ingrained debris and refresh the surface for resealing. Allow the wood to completely dry before refinishing.
By keeping these simple maintenance practices, outdoor wooden furniture can stay looking great and last for many years of continued enjoyment and beauty enhancement.
6 DIY Outdoor Wood Treatment Projects
Treating and beautifying outdoor wood can be simple and satisfying do-it-yourself projects. Here are 6 budget-friendly ideas to tackle:
1. Refinish Wooden Outdoor Furniture
Supplies needed:
- Exterior wood finish (stain, paint, sealer)
- Paint brushes/roller
- Fine sandpaper
- Tack cloth
Steps:
- Lightly sand to degloss and smooth any rough areas.
- Wipe away all dust with a tack cloth.
- Apply 2-3 thin coats of finish, allowing proper dry time between coats.
- Seal all surfaces – front, back, underside. Allow to cure fully before use.
2. Stain a Wooden Deck
Supplies needed:
- Exterior deck stain
- Paint brushes
- Paint roller
- Drop cloths
Steps:
- Sweep deck thoroughly and let dry.
- Use brush to coat sides and supports. Use roller for open floor area.
- Apply thin, even coats across the entire deck. Allow proper dry time between coats.
- Apply anti-slip additive if needed. Allow 72 hours cure time before heavy use.
3. Seal Outdoor Wood Planter Box
Supplies needed:
- Exterior wood sealant
- Small paint brush
- Drop cloth
Steps:
- Clean box thoroughly and allow to dry completely.
- Use brush to apply 2-3 thin coats of sealant, allowing proper dry time between coats.
- Seal inside surfaces too for maximum protection.
4. Refresh a Wooden Fence
Supplies needed:
- Power washer
- Exterior stain
- Paint pad, roller, or brush
Steps:
- Use power washer to clean grime and strip away old coatings from fence. Let dry 24 hours.
- Apply 2 coats of semi-transparent stain with pad, roller, or brush. Allow proper dry time between coats.
5. Weatherproof Wood Siding
Supplies needed:
- Exterior primer
- Exterior latex paint
- Paint brush, roller
Steps:
- Use brush to prime all new or bare wood. Allow to dry overnight.
- Apply 2-3 thin coats of exterior paint, allowing proper dry time between coats.
- Use small brush to paint trim details. Allow 72 hours curing before exposing to rain.
6. Brighten Gray Wood with Bleach
Supplies needed:
- Exterior wood bleach
- Plastic gloves, eye protection
- Scrub brush, plastic scraper
Steps:
- Apply bleach as directed and scrub into wood surface with brush.
- Allow to sit 10-15 minutes, then rinse thoroughly with clean water. Wear gloves and eye protection.
- Use scraper to remove any remaining dead wood fibers. Allow to dry 48 hours before applying finish.
With the right methods and products, both novice and expert DIYers can successfully treat outdoor wood projects for beauty and longevity.
Frequently Asked Questions About Treating Outdoor Wood
Newbies to working with exterior wood often have some common questions. Here are answers to some of the key FAQs:
What’s the difference between sealing and staining wood?
Staining provides protection along with enhancing color. Sealants (varnish, polyurethane) provide a clear, impervious moisture barrier. Sealants maintain the natural appearance.
How often should outdoor wood be treated?
It varies based on exposure, but reapplication is typically needed every 1-2 years. Signs like fading, cracking, or changes in texture indicate it’s time to recoat.
What are the best deck wood treatment products?
Look for exterior stains and sealers specially formulated for horizontal surfaces like decks and porches. Apply anti-slip additives for safety.
Can I use interior wood finishes outside?
No. Interior finishes lack the UV blockers and water repellants needed for exterior durability. Only use products designated for outdoor use.
What’s the sheen I should choose – gloss, satin, matte?
For decks and horizontal surfaces, matte or satin finishes are preferable to avoid excessive glare or slippery surfaces. Gloss is often best for trim, doors, and furniture.
How long should I wait between coats of outdoor sealants?
Follow product label recommended drying times, typically 24-48 hours between coats. Test a small area to ensure previous coat is fully cured before adding another layer.
Can I apply oil-based finishes over latex-based?
No. Only oil-based coats should be layered over other oil-based. Water-based latex coats won’t properly adhere to an oily surface.
How do I revive a gray, weathered deck?
Use a wood brightener solution first to help strip away graying fibers. Rinse clean and allow to dry fully before applying a new stain coat for refreshed color.
What temperature should it be to apply exterior wood finishes?
Ideally between 50-90°F. Avoid direct sun exposure. Wood sealants may not adhere if applied at too cold or hot temps. Pay attention to dew points as well.
How do I avoid lap marks when staining a deck?
Work in small sections, maintaining a wet edge as you go. Distribute coats evenly and brush outward from center to edges. Work quickly to avoid overlaps drying at different rates.
Careful surface evaluation and preparation along with using the right outdoor wood finishing products for the specific project will provide beautiful, long-lasting protection for exterior wood investments.
Conclusion
Outdoor wood projects require unique treatment considerations compared to interior woods. Proper prep, careful product selection, and skillful application techniques make all the difference in creating reliably protected and aesthetically enhanced outdoor wood surfaces. Paying attention to details like grain direction, drying times, temperature, and recoat schedules boosts the performance and durability of any exterior wood finish. By following the recommendations outlined here, both do-it-yourselfers and professionals can master the art of keeping outdoor wood beautiful against the elements for many seasons to come.