Clean and Prepare the Concrete Surface
The first step is to make sure the concrete surface is clean and properly prepared. This provides the stain a proper surface to bond to. Here’s how to prepare the concrete:
- Sweep the concrete thoroughly to remove any loose dirt, dust or debris. Use a pressure washer to clean the surface and remove any oil, grease, or existing sealers. Let the concrete fully dry after pressure washing.
- Repair any cracks, holes or damaged areas in the concrete with a concrete patch material. This provides a smooth surface for staining.
- Acid etch the concrete using muriatic acid solution. This opens up the pores in the concrete to allow the stain to penetrate. Rinse thoroughly after etching.
- The concrete must be completely dry before applying stain. Allow 1-2 weeks for new concrete to fully cure before staining.
Choose a Concrete Stain
There are two main types of concrete stains to choose from:
Acid Stains
- Produce a mottled, variegated finish with more color variation.
- Reacts with the concrete to produce permanent, fade-resistant colors.
- Available in a range of different earthtone colors like brown, bronze, blue-green, etc.
Water-Based Stains
- Provide more uniform, consistent colors without much variation.
- Does not chemically react with the concrete – acts as a coating that adheres to the surface.
- Available in many different colors from bright colors to earthtones.
Consider the look you want to achieve and choose an appropriate concrete stain type and color. Always test the stain on a small inconspicuous area first to ensure you like the color.
Prepare the Stain
Thoroughly mix the stain according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For acid stains, you’ll mix the stain powder with water in a plastic sprinkling can or sprayer. For water-based stains, little to no dilution with water is required.
Acid stains need to be applied to fully dry concrete so plan accordingly. With water-based stains, the concrete can be slightly damp but not saturated.
Cover any nearby surfaces you don’t want stained and wear appropriate safety gear like gloves, goggles, boots, etc. Open doors and windows if working indoors to allow for plenty of ventilation.
Apply the Concrete Stain
Apply the stain liberally and evenly across the concrete using a plastic sprayer, roller, brush or broom. Use a rag on a pole to reach stain into corners and edges. Spread the stain into a thin, uniform coat on the surface.
Let the stain sit for a period of time – usually 5-15 minutes for acid stains and 20-60 minutes for water-based. This allows it time to properly penetrate and react with the concrete. After enough time has passed, use a stiff brush to lightly scrub the stain and distribute any puddles. Rinse the concrete thoroughly to remove any residue.
Apply additional coats of stain in different directions to achieve a more variegated look if desired. Allow the concrete to fully dry between coats.
Seal and Protect the Finish
Once the stained concrete is fully dry, apply a protective concrete sealer to lock in the color and provide added protection from UV rays, chemicals, oils and wear. Use a clear, non-gloss, penetrating concrete sealer for the best look.
Roll or spray the sealer evenly across the concrete following the manufacturer’s directions. Two coats are typically recommended for best durability. Let the sealer fully dry between coats.
After the final coat dries, inspect for any missed spots and apply additional sealer if needed. Avoid foot traffic or parking vehicles on the sealed surface for at least 48-72 hours while it fully cures.
Properly maintained, sealed stained concrete can retain its color and beauty for many years, enhancing your outdoor living space. Reapply concrete sealer every 1-2 years as needed to keep the finish looking its best.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does stained concrete last?
With proper sealing and maintenance, stained concrete can last 3-5 years or longer before needing reapplication. Acid stains provide the most permanent, long-lasting finish.
What is the cost to stain a concrete driveway?
For DIY staining, expect to pay $2-$6 per square foot. Professionally installed staining costs $4-$12 per square foot. The size, condition and labor will impact final costs.
Can you apply stain over existing concrete sealers?
No, existing sealers and paints usually must be removed for the stain to properly penetrate into the concrete.
What concrete finish is best for staining?
A lightly textured broom or brush finish provides the ideal surface for concrete staining. Overly smooth or porous finishes limit stain penetration.
How long does it take stained concrete to dry?
Drying times vary based on temperature and humidity. Acid stains can dry within 4-24 hours while water-based stains may take 6-48 hours to fully dry.
Conclusion
Staining is a simple yet transformative way to enhance drab outdoor concrete. With proper preparation, application, and sealing, stained concrete can provide an attractive, durable finish that boosts aesthetic appeal. The process can usually be tackled as a DIY project. Just be sure to choose an appropriate stain, prepare the surface well, apply carefully, and seal and maintain the finish. Stained concrete offers long-lasting beauty ideal for driveways, patios, walkways and beyond.