Understanding the Basic Anatomy of an Outdoor Faucet
Knowing the basic parts of an outdoor faucet will help you diagnose issues and make repairs more easily. The main components are:
- Handle – Turns water flow on and off. Can be a wheel or lever style.
- Stem – Attaches the handle to the cartridge/rotor that opens and closes water flow.
- Seals – Rubber washers that prevent leaks around the stem and seat areas.
- Cartridge/rotor – The internal part that controls water flow when the handle is turned. Different faucet types have different mechanisms.
- Vacuum breaker – Required safety device that prevents backflow of contaminated water.
- Spout – The part the water comes out of into your hose/garden attachment.
- Supply lines – Flexible tubing that connects to the main household water lines.
- Main shut off valve – Allows you to shut off water to the faucet. Usually located inside near the main water line.
Gather Necessary Tools and Supplies
Before starting any work, gather the following tools and supplies:
- Adjustable wrenches
- Screwdrivers
- Replacement washers and o-rings
- Teflon plumbing tape
- Rag
- Penetrating oil (WD-40)
- Safety goggles
Make sure you have all necessary parts on hand for your specific faucet model before disassembling.
Turn Off the Water Supply
Locate the shut off valve for the outdoor faucet, usually inside the house near the main water line. Turn it clockwise to shut off the water. Turn on the outdoor faucet to drain any water left in the pipes.
Take the Faucet Apart
The exact disassembly process varies by faucet model, but usually involves:
- Unscrewing the handle retaining screw with a screwdriver and removing the handle.
- Unscrewing the packing nut around the stem using adjustable pliers or a wrench.
- Pulling out the stem assembly, inspecting rubber washers for wear and replacing if needed.
- Removing the bonnet nut holding the faucet cartridge or rotor mechanism using an adjustable wrench.
- Pulling out the cartridge/rotor, inspecting seals and replacing if worn.
During disassembly spray penetrating oil on stuck parts and use gentle force to loosen. Organize parts neatly to assist reassembly.
Identify and Replace Worn Seals/Washers
Examine rubber washers, o-rings and seals on the stem and cartridge. Look for cracks, tears or flattened surfaces which indicate wear. Use replacement parts designed for your specific faucet model for optimal fit and performance. Lubricate seals with plumber’s grease before reinstalling.
Reassemble the Faucet
Reinstall all parts in reverse order. Make sure all parts align correctly before tightening. Hand tighten first then use wrenches for a final 1/4 turn on compression nuts and bonnet nuts. Wrap all threaded parts with fresh plumbing tape.
Turn Water Back On and Test
Turn the shut off valve back on slowly. Check for leaks at all joints and connections. Tighten further if needed. Turn on the faucet and let it run for a few minutes to flush any sediment. Your leaking outdoor faucet should now be fixed!
Troubleshooting Common Outdoor Faucet Problems
Dripping water after shut off: Worn out neoprene seats or rubber valve seals need replacement.
Leaking around handle: Damaged stem packing nut needs new washers.
Low water pressure: Clogged aerator screen or vacuum breaker issues.
Water leaks when faucet is off: Likely a bad cartridge/rotor that needs replacing.
Frozen faucet in winter: Pipe insulation, heat tape or dripped faucet can help prevent.
Tips for Extending the Life of Your Outdoor Faucet
- Install a frost-proof sillcock faucet if freezing temperatures are common.
- Drain and shut off faucets before the first freeze.
- Insulate exposed pipes with foam covers.
- Replace washers and seals regularly.
- Always shut faucet off completely after each use.
- Consider installing an in-line water pressure regulator.
- Keep dirt and grit out of faucet by using a hose filter.
Frequently Asked Questions About Repairing Outdoor Faucets
What are outdoor faucets made of?
Most are brass but can also be chrome-plated plastic or stainless steel. Brass holds up best to weather.
What causes an outdoor faucet to leak?
Worn rubber washers and o-rings are the most common causes. Mineral deposits, freeze damage or overtightening connections can also cause leaks over time.
How do I winterize my outdoor faucet?
Drain all water. Remove hoses, close shut-off valve inside and open outdoor faucet to let remaining water drain out. Consider adding insulation or heat tape.
Why does my anti-siphon valve leak?
Debris, hard water buildup and age can all cause leaks in anti-siphon/vacuum breaker valves. Replacing the internal components or entire unit usually fixes this.
Can I repair a freeze-proof sillcock faucet myself?
Yes, they come apart much like a standard sillcock for repairs. But take care not to lose small internal parts unique to their freeze-proof design when disassembling.
How often should I replace faucet washers?
Every 2-5 years is a good rule of thumb, depending on usage. Annual inspections help spot worn washers early before leaks occur. Replace immediately if any cracking, tearing or flattening is found.
Conclusion
Repairing a leaking outdoor faucet is usually an easy DIY project. Following the steps of shutting off water, disassembling, replacing worn seals and washers, and reassembling can eliminate most leaks. Paying attention to product-specific designs and having the proper tools on hand are key. Preventive maintenance like insulating pipes and replacing washers regularly can maximize your outdoor faucet’s lifespan. With just a bit of time and effort, you can repair your leaking outdoor faucet and restore long-lasting performance.