Installing an outdoor electrical outlet in your yard can add convenience and versatility to your outdoor space. With an outdoor outlet, you can power lawn tools, holiday lights, pond pumps, or other outdoor electrical devices without running extension cords from the house. Adding a properly installed outdoor outlet is a fairly straightforward DIY project for most homeowners if local electrical codes are followed.
Necessary Materials for Installing Outdoor Electrical Outlet
Before starting this project, you will need to gather the appropriate materials which typically include:
- Outdoor electrical box – This weatherproof box with cover provides an outlet to plug devices into outside. Choose one rated for outdoor use.
- Weatherproof cover plate – Covers and protects the outlet when not in use. Look for an “in-use” style that allows plugs to stay inserted.
- Outdoor Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) outlet – This specialized outlet detects potential shock hazards and trips the circuit. Outdoor outlets must be GFCI protected.
- EMT or flexible conduit – Used to run wiring from the house to the outlet location. EMT provides more protection.
- Appropriate gauge electrical wire – 10/2 or 12/2 wire is commonly used. The wire size depends on circuit length and amperage rating.
- Wire nuts – Used to connect multiple wires. Ensure they are corrosion resistant and properly sized.
- Screws or other fasteners – To securely mount the electrical box and cover plate.
- Silicone sealant – Seals gaps and prevents moisture intrusion into the outlet. Look for an outdoor rated product.
- Hand tools – To assemble materials and access the electrical panel you’ll need tools like a screwdriver, wire strippers, voltmeter, etc.
- Power drill – For drilling holes through exterior walls if necessary. A hammer drill makes quick work of masonry.
- Personal protective equipment – Safety first! Be sure to use gloves, glasses, etc. as needed.
Additional Materials for Running an Underground Circuit
If you can’t or don’t want to run the wiring through your home’s framing, you may want to bury a new circuit underground:
- UL listed direct burial cable
- Waterproof buried box to make wire connections
- Grounding rod and clamp
- Warning tape to lay above buried wire
- Conduit for any sections not buried
- Tools for digging the trench
Getting all of the right materials together before starting helps the project go smoothly!
How to Install Outdoor Electrical Outlet in Yard
Once you have all of the necessary materials, follow these general steps to install an outdoor electrical outlet:
Step 1: Turn Off Power
The first step is to turn off power to the circuit you will connect the new outdoor outlet to. At the main electrical panel, turn the correct breaker all the way OFF. Verify power is OFF by testing with a non-contact voltage tester. This step is crucial for safely working on electrical wiring.
Step 2: Choose Location
Next, decide on an appropriate location for the new outdoor outlet. Some guidelines for choosing a good spot:
- Near where appliances/tools will be used
- At least 12 inches above ground level
- Avoid locations that may get wet or allow moisture intrusion
- Not directly under roof overhangs where dripping can occur
- Preferably on a wall or post vs. on the ground
Also consider:
- Accessibility for running the wiring
- Visibility for using the outlet safely
- Distance from permanent structures
- Local electrical codes (e.g. distance from pools)
Step 3: Install Electrical Box
Now you can install the outdoor electrical box that will house the outlet. The box needs to be securely mounted to your home, garage, fence, or other solid surface. Some tips:
- If running wires through siding, drill a hole just large enough for the conduit to fit snugly.
- Use appropriate grommets, plugs, and caulk to prevent air or water getting in around the wires.
- Attach the box directly to structural framing or blocking if possible using the proper screws.
- When mounting to surfaces like siding, use extra long screws secured firmly into solid backing.
- Allow slack in the wire so it can expand/contract with temperature changes.
Be sure the box is oriented correctly and sits flush and secure.
Step 4: Run Conduit and Wiring
Now it’s time to run conduit and wiring from the house to the new outlet box. How involved this step is depends on where the box is located and if you need to run a new circuit.
Some options for routing the conduit and wiring:
- Through the house framing like a traditional indoor outlet circuit
- By entering the basement or crawl space and penetrating the rim joist
- Going underground using burial-rated wire run through conduit
- Along the exterior wall of the home
- Under a deck or porch if accessible
Follow electrical code for:
- Allowable conduit types both indoors and out
- Proper wire sizing based on the circuit amperage and length
- Maximum conduit fill percentages
- Wiring methods like using staples or hangers to secure cables
Leave several extra feet of wire at the outlet box end to allow for connections.
Step 5: Connect Wires
At this stage, the outlet box is mounted and wired to the house’s electrical system. Now you can make the wire connections:
- Strip the insulation off the ends of the wires
- Connect the hot, neutral, and ground wires to matching terminals on the outlet
- Use wire nuts to join the incoming and outgoing hot wires together
- Connect the ground wire to the green screw on the outlet
- Double check that all connections are tight and secure
Follow the outlet manufacturer’s instructions for proper connections.
Step 6: Install GFCI Outlet
Next, install the GFCI outlet into the exterior electrical box. This outlet adds an important safety feature for outdoor circuits. Follow standard practice:
- Attach the outlet securely to the box using long screws through the mounting ears
- Push any excess wire back into the box so connections are accessible
- Attach the ground wire to the outlet’s green ground screw
- Ensure the outlet is oriented correctly (ground prong on top)
- Double check wires are connected to LINE terminals only (not LOAD)
Performing a GFCI test is recommended once power is restored.
Step 7: Attach Weatherproof Cover
Now that the outlet is wired up, you can add the weatherproof cover plate. This cover protects the outlet from moisture, dirt, and damage. To complete:
- Clean any dust, dirt or debris from the electrical box
- Apply a bead of outdoor-rated silicone sealant on the back edges of the outlet (prevents moisture ingress)
- Carefully position the gasket or foam seal behind the cover plate
- Attach the cover plate securely with the provided screws
Make sure the gasket forms a continuous seal around the outlet.
Step 8: Restore Power and Test
You’re almost ready to plug something in! First:
- Restore power at the breaker panel and switch the correct breaker back ON
- Test that the outlet is working correctly using a plug-in tester or multimeter
- Press the “Test” button on the GFCI outlet to confirm protection is functioning
- Verify the outlet cover closes properly when tested plugs are removed
If the outlet doesn’t appear to be working correctly, turn the power OFF and check all connections before restoring power.
Step 9: Weatherproofing and Securing the Outlet
Lastly, add some weatherproofing and security measures:
- Caulk around the electrical box and conduit penetrations
- Use electrical tape to wrap conduit connections exposed to the elements
- Make sure the cover plate is securely screwed into place
- Add silicone sealant around the cover’s edges for extra moisture protection
- Consider using a weatherproof outlet cover box or installing the outlet in a covered location
- Verify that any wiring running underground is properly buried and protected
These measures help prevent electrical shorts and ensure a safer outdoor outlet.
That covers the major steps for how to install an outdoor electrical outlet in your yard! Always follow applicable electrical codes and use caution when working with electrical wiring. Now you can reap the benefits of having power outside wherever it’s needed.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Installing an Outdoor Outlet
When taking on an outdoor electrical project, there are some common mistakes that DIYers frequently make. Being aware of these potential pitfalls ahead of time helps ensure a successful outlet installation:
Not Turning Off Power at the Main Panel
Failing to shut off the power before doing any electrical work can lead to nasty shocks or equipment damage if wires short. Always double check the circuit is dead using a tester before handling wiring.
Using the Wrong Electrical Box
Outdoor boxes are specially made to be weatherproof. Using an indoor box outside allows moisture into the connections, creating a shock or fire hazard. Make sure your electrical box is rated for outdoor use.
Imperfect Conduit Seal
Anyplace conduit penetrates indoors or outdoors needs to be completely sealed to prevent water infiltration and pests. Don’t allow gaps around wires where moisture or insects can enter.
Loose Wiring Connections
Loose wire connections can lead to arcing and heat buildup when electricity flows across the gap. Ensure screws are tightened securely on the outlet and wire connectors.
Forgetting GFCI Protection
By code, outdoor outlets must include GFCI protection. Skipping this safety device puts people at risk of severe shock. Make sure there is a GFCI outlet wired into the circuit.
Incorrect Wiring
It’s critical to follow manufacturer instructions and connect the wires to the proper terminals. Having hot and neutral reversed makes the outlet unusable and unsafe.
Lack of Strain Relief
Wires should have some slack rather than being pulled taut into the box. Tension on the connections can loosen or break them over time.
Not Securing the Outlet
The finished outlet needs to be firmly fixed in the box, not loose and wobbly. Improperly securing the outlet puts stress on the wiring and connections.
Exposed Wiring
All bare copper and connections should be fully enclosed in the weatherproof box. Exposed live parts present a major hazard that must be avoided.
Paying attention to avoid these common mistakes ensures the outdoor outlet is safe, functional, and built to last!
Grounding and GFCI Protection for Outdoor Outlets
Grounding and GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) protection are two vital safety considerations for any outdoor electrical outlet installation. Here are some key things DIYers need to know:
Proper Grounding
An electrical ground provides a safe path for current to flow to the earth in a fault situation. Outdoor outlets must always be grounded. Here are proper methods:
- Run a bare copper ground wire from the panel, through the conduit, to the outlet ground terminal
- Connect the outlet ground wire to the metal electrical box via a grounding screw
- Drive a grounding rod into the earth nearby and connect it to the outlet ground wire
- Ensure neutral/ground wires are kept separate and not mixed up
Including GFCI Protection
A GFCI outlet detects small current leaks and cuts power if someone is shocked. Test GFCI outlets monthly by pressing the “Test” button to confirm they trip.
- Outdoor outlets must have GFCI protection – It can be provided at the first outlet on the circuit or downstream outlets
- Only wire the LINE terminals on a GFCI outlet – The LOAD terminals feed further outlets
- A GFCI breaker at the panel provides blanket protection in lieu of outlet GFCIs
- Don’t use indoor rated GFCI outlets outside – They aren’t waterproof
No Looping Ground Wires
- Ground wires take current back to the panel – No loops allowed
- Each outlet must connect directly back to the grounding point
- A detached ground wire won’t protect downstream outlets
Proper installation following electrical codes ensures safe, reliable outdoor power with reduced risk of damage, malfunction, or electrical hazards. Don’t take shortcuts when it comes to grounding and GFCI protection!
Choosing the Right Wire Gauge for an Outdoor Outlet
Selecting the appropriate wire gauge is an important consideration when installing outdoor electrical outlets to ensure efficient power transfer to run devices and tools. Follow these tips to choose suitable wire:
Check the Circuit Amperage
The current a circuit provides determines the minimum wire size needed. Standard branch circuits are either 15 amps or 20 amps. Know the circuit amperage before choosing wire.
Larger is Better Within Limits
For 15 amp circuits, use #14 AWG wire a minimum. For 20 amp circuits, #12 AWG is the minimum size allowed by code.Going a size larger than needed is ok, but not multiple sizes larger.
Factor in Distance
The longer the wire run from the panel to the outlet, the thicker the wire should be to avoid voltage drop issues. For under 100′, stick with standard sizes. Over 100′, consider going a gauge larger.
Use Special Wire for Underground Runs
Direct burial wire is insulated to handle being underground, either by itself or in conduit. Never bury standard indoor Romex wiring.
Match Wire Material to Environment
Choose wire with insulation suited to the conditions. THWN wire withstands both wet and dry locations. UF-B can be buried without conduit.
Connect Like Metals
Join copper wire only to other copper components. Connect aluminum wire only to aluminum-rated devices. Don’t mix metals.
Refer to Code Books
Codes like the NEC have wire sizing tables to consult based on type of load and ambient temperature. Adhere to all local regulations.
Choosing wire gauge that matches the circuit while accounting for distance and environmental factors ensures an outdoor outlet that performs well for years to come.
How to Get Power for an Outdoor Outlet
Outdoor electrical outlets require an adequate power source to run lighting, tools, appliances, and more. There are several ways to get power to an outlet in your yard:
Option 1: Dedicated Outdoor Circuit
Running a new dedicated circuit from the interior electrical panel directly to the outdoor outlet location provides the most power capabilities. The wire gauge can be sized appropriately for the outlet without existing circuits limiting capacity.
Option 2: Extend Existing Interior Circuit
If there is an indoor outlet on the other side of the wall where the new outdoor outlet will go, it often makes sense to tap into that existing circuit. The indoor outlet is converted to the first outlet in the new circuit extending outside.
Option 3: Tap Into Exterior Lighting Circuit
Outdoor lighting circuits are sometimes convenient sources of power for outlets, if the wire gauge and capacity permits. Tapping into this circuit can avoid an additional wire run back to the panel.
Option 4: Underground Power Conduit
For a detached outlet with no structures nearby, running an underground PVC conduit that transitions to an above-ground metal conduit at the outlet box is an option. This provides protection for buried wires.
Option 5: Extension Cord from Garage
While not ideal as a permanent solution, it is possible to safely run an exterior-rated extension cord from a garage or outbuilding outlet to supply power where needed temporarily.
Always check local electrical codes to ensure your wiring method and outlet location will pass inspection. Hiring an electrician is recommended if you are uncomfortable working with electrical systems. But a qualified DIYer can install a great outdoor outlet safely.
Installing an Outdoor Outlet on Stucco, Brick or Concrete
Outdoor electrical projects often require installing outlets on masonry surfaces like stucco, brick, and concrete. With the right approach, you can add an outlet to these solid exterior walls.
Gather Supplies
For masonry applications you’ll need:
- Masonry electrical box – Rated for moisture and securely anchors into brick, concrete, etc.
- Tapcon concrete screws – For anchoring the box into the base material
- Masonry drill bit – Carbide tip for drilling anchor holes in brick/concrete
- Polyurethane caulk – Seals around the box to prevent moisture issues
Drill Anchor Holes
Mark the box location. Drill holes slightly smaller than the anchor. Go in at least 1 1/4″ deep. Vacuum out debris.
Install Electrical Box
Place the masonry box over the drilled holes. Drive Tapcon screws into the anchors. Tighten securely, but don’t overtighten.
Seal the Box
Caulk around the back and sides of the electrical box with waterproof polyurethane caulk. Smooth the bead with your finger. Let cure fully.
Complete the Outlet
From here, run conduit to the box, pull wires, attach the outlet following code, and add a weatherproof cover plate for a finished installation.
With the right drilling tools and masonry-rated electrical box, you can securely mount outlets to stucco, brick, concrete, stone, and other solid surfaces. Just take care not to crack or damage the base material.
Wiring an Outdoor Outlet to a Detached Garage, Shed, or Outbuilding
Need to add an outdoor electrical outlet for a detached garage, shed, or other backyard structure not directly connected to your main house? Running power from the house electrical panel out to a separate building isn’t too difficult.
Here are some tips for successfully wiring up an outdoor outlet for an outbuilding:
Use UF Bury-Rated Cable
Run an insulated UF-B cable underground from the house to the outbuilding outlet. This cable holds up when buried directly in dirt. Use schedule 40 PVC conduit for extra protection.
Keep Proper Burial Depth
Bury the UF cable at least 18-24 inches below grade. Running it too shallow risks damage from excavation or freeze/thaw cycles. Go deeper if needed.