Installing outdoor security cameras requires running wires from your cameras to a recording device or monitor. Proper wiring is key for getting the best performance from your security cameras. With the right planning and materials, wiring outdoor security cameras is a doable DIY project. This comprehensive guide will teach you everything you need to know about installing wiring for outdoor security cameras.

Planning Your Outdoor Security Camera Wiring

Careful planning is crucial when installing wiring for outdoor security cameras. Here are some key steps to take during the planning process:

Choose Camera Locations

First, determine the optimal locations for your security cameras. Consider key areas you want to monitor like entryways, driveways, and backyards. Opt for elevated positions like under eaves or on walls for the widest vantage points.

Calculate Wiring Runs

Next, measure the distances from the planned camera locations back to where your recorder and monitors will be situated. Longer cable runs will require thicker gauge wire. Maximize efficiency by setting up cameras closer to the recording equipment if possible.

Select Wired vs Wireless Cameras

Decide whether you want wired or wireless security cameras. Wireless cameras do not require wiring runs but may have limitations like battery life or interference. Wired cameras provide uninterrupted power and signal but need wiring.

Develop Wiring Plan

Create a wiring plan showing the footage between cameras and the endpoint. Have an electrician provide input, especially if you need new outdoor sockets or junction boxes installed.

Choose Suitable Cables

Pick cables rated for outdoor use that can handle video transmission without interference. Coaxial or CAT5e/CAT6 Ethernet cables are common options. Verify cable length needs and gauge thickness.

Gather Tools and Materials

Amass all the tools and materials required for the installation like cables, conduits, clips, terminals, networking equipment and more. Having everything on hand will make the process smoother.

Safety Considerations

Take precautions when working with electrical systems. Turn off power, wear PPE, use caution on ladders, have others present, and follow local building codes.

Thorough planning and preparation will help make your security camera wiring project go efficiently and safely.

Running Cables to Outdoor Security Camera Locations

With a wiring plan in place, now you can start running cable to your outdoor security cameras. Here are some methods to carry out this crucial step:

Securing Cables Against Walls

If your cameras are mounted on walls close to where the wires enter your home, the most straightforward approach is securing cables directly to the wall. Use cable clips or staples to tightly fasten the cable every one to three feet without damaging it.

Concealing Wires in Conduit

For more protected long-distance wire runs, feed your security camera cables through PVC or metal conduit. The conduit shields the wires from weather and damage. Use compatible waterproof fittings to connect conduit lengths and junction boxes.

Using Existing Wiring Pathways

In some cases, you can utilize existing outdoor wiring paths like those for landscape lighting. As long as the original wiring was properly exterior rated and sized sufficiently, it can potentially serve your security cameras too.

Running Cables Underground

Burying cables underground is an option if you don’t want visible exterior wiring. Use special direct burial cables and dig trenches at least 18 inches down. Conduit is also recommended when placing wires underground for added protection.

Fishing Cables Inside Walls

If the cameras are mounted near soffits or roof overhangs, you may be able to fish wiring through interior walls. This avoids exterior cable runs but requires using conduit and firestop materials when penetrating walls.

Choose the optimal wiring method based on camera placement, building materials, and code requirements. Utilize conduit and secure cables properly every few feet for safety and longevity.

Selecting Appropriate Cables for Security Cameras

Picking the right cables is imperative to getting optimal video performance from your security cameras. Here are some top cable choices:

RG59 and RG6 Coaxial Cable

Coax cable like RG59 or RG6 quad shield is commonly used for analog CCTV systems. It transmits video reliably over longer distances with less signal loss than other cables. RG59 is smaller while RG6 offers higher performance.

CAT5e and CAT6 Ethernet Cable

For IP cameras that connect over Ethernet networks, CAT5e and CAT6 cables are ideal. CAT6 provides higher bandwidth and faster speeds up to 10 Gbps. Either can transmit network video signals up to 300 feet without degradation.

Siamese and Multi-conductor Power Cables

Siamese cables bundle video coax with power conductors. Multi-conductor cables contain multiple power wires to supply multiple cameras from one cable. These combine video and power so only one cable run is needed.

Direct Burial Cables

Cables designed for direct underground burial are reinforced to resist moisture and abrasion. They contain gel-filled cores and heavy duty waterproof jackets. Use for wiring runs to cameras mounted in locations without other raceways.

Shielded Cables

Opt for cables like STP Ethernet with shielding to protect from electromagnetic interference (EMI). This safeguards video quality in challenging environments with lots of radiated noise.

Choosing solid cables designed for outdoor use that suit your security camera needs is imperative for performance and longevity.

How to Connect Security Camera Cables

After running your cables, you need to securely connect them. Here are some tips:

Attach Connectors

Attach weatherproof connectors to cable ends like BNC or RCA connectors for coax or RJ45 for Ethernet. Use compression tools for a tight connection. Heat shrink tubing further seals out moisture.

Connect to Cameras

Plug the terminated cables into the associated ports on the back of the cameras as per the manufacturer instructions. Ensure the connections are snug and properly aligned to avoid issues.

Attach Power Wires

If using multi-conductor Siamese cables, connect the power leads to the camera’s power input port. Ensure polarity is correct. Terminate the other end at junction boxes leading to the building’s electrical system.

Connect Recorder End

Connect the other end of the video cables to the recorder, DVR, or NVR. Again ensure ports and connectors match. Plug in the Ethernet cables from IP cameras to LAN ports on routers or switches.

Verify Connections

With cables attached at both ends, test the video and power connectivity before securing cameras in their final positions. Troubleshoot any issues to confirm proper wiring and connections.

Dedicate ample time to properly connecting all cables at the camera and equipment ends. Thorough connection testing helps avoid problems down the line.

How to Provide Power to Outdoor Security Cameras

Outdoor security cameras need a continuous power supply. Here are safe options for powering cameras outside your home:

Using Exterior Electrical Outlets

If you have outdoor outlets positioned near where you want to place cameras, this provides a handy source of power. Use outlet covers and GFCI circuits for safety. Consider upgrading wiring if cameras exceed outlet amperage ratings.

Installing New Wiring and Outlets

If existing exterior outlets won’t suffice, have an electrician install new outdoor-rated wiring and outlets specifically for your cameras. Make sure circuits have enough amperage for all the cameras and equipment you want to run.

Using POE Switches and Network Cabling

For IP cameras, utilize PoE (Power over Ethernet) switches to provide power through the Ethernet cabling from your network switch location. No need to run separate power cables.

Using Junction Boxes

Junction boxes can split power from one cable to multiple cameras. Mount them in discreet locations to consolidate separate camera wiring runs for connection to indoor power supplies.

Solar Power Kits

In remote locations far from building electrical systems, solar panels with battery packs and charge controllers can power cameras. Size solar kits adequately for all your camera power needs.

Carefully weigh the available options and install sufficient outdoor electrical circuits or other equipment to safely and reliably power all your security cameras.

Troubleshooting Outdoor Security Camera Wiring Issues

Despite best efforts, you may encounter wiring problems with outdoor cameras. Some troubleshooting tips:

Check Physical Cable Connections

Loose, disconnected, or improperly terminated cables are common causes of camera malfunctions. Verify all connections are securely fastened and not damaged.

Test Cable Integrity

Broken or corroded cables will lead to video loss and other glitches. Check the run length for damage. Replace compromised cables.

Assess Power Supply

Cameras may exhibit weird behavior if insufficient power. Confirm amperage ratings are not being exceeded. Test voltages to isolate bad wires or connections.

Evaluate Interference

If utilizing wireless cameras, look for potential sources of radio frequency interference like motors that may disrupt signal transmission. Change wireless channels.

Inspect Video Resolution Settings

Cameras defaulting to lower resolution than what cable runs support can result in poor video quality. Adjust camera resolution settings accordingly.

Update Firmware/Drivers

Outdated firmware or device drivers can trigger compatibility issues leading to problems like frozen cameras or pixelation. Install updated software releases.

Isolate Network Problems

For cameras connected via Ethernet cabling, use network diagnostic tools to check for issues like cabling faults, excessive traffic, or DHCP conflicts.

Meticulously inspect your security camera wiring installation and troubleshoot any components that may be causing glitches or outages.

Tips for Professional Outdoor Security Camera Wiring

For the highest quality and most reliable outdoor security camera installation, keep these tips in mind:

Use Thick Gauge Wire

Don’t skimp on wire gauge size. Thicker wire allows for longer cable runs with minimal voltage drop. This prevents power supply issues.

Install Surge Suppressors

Protect expensive camera equipment against electrical surges by installing whole home or individual camera surge suppressors.

Apply Weatherproofing Measures

Seal outdoor connections in weatherproof junction boxes. Use cables with weatherproof jackets. Apply caulk around penetrations. Keep endpoints indoors.

Follow Local Building Codes

Adhere to all local regulations related to outdoor electrical systems for safety. Secure any necessary permits.

Mount Cameras Securely

Use theft-deterrent camera mounts, properly sized screws, and vibration dampening to protect against camera displacement or damage. Avoid overtightening.

Label Wires and Connections

Label all cables, ports and connections to simplify troubleshooting. Create a wiring map documenting all runs.

Paying attention to details such as proper sealing, surge protection, and labeling creates a robust security camera wiring installation that will perform optimally for years.

Frequently Asked Questions About Installing Outdoor Security Camera Wiring

Here are answers to some common questions about wiring outdoor security cameras:

How difficult is it to install wiring for outdoor security cameras?

The difficulty level depends on the specifics of the job. Running cables through existing conduits or along walls is fairly straightforward. Fishing wires through walls, digging trenches, or installing new junction boxes and circuits is more complex and may require electrician skills.

What tools do I need to install outdoor security camera wiring?

Basic tools include wire strippers, crimpers, cable cutters, drill, measuring tape, and a ladder. You may also need conduit benders, fish tape, trenching tools, saws, hammer, wrenches, and more depending on the scope of the installation.

What gauge wire should I use for outdoor security cameras?

20 or 18 gauge cables are commonly used for many analog and IP camera systems. Go thicker if you have very long wire runs. For power cables, use 14 or 12 gauge to handle the electrical load. Gauge needs depend on cable length and total wattage ratings.

Can I bury security camera cables underground?

Yes, you can bury cables. Use only wiring approved for direct burial like gel-filled coaxial cables. Bury at least 18 inches down and consider running through conduit for added protection. Mark locations with bury tape.

How much footage can cameras transmit over CAT5e or coax cable?

Unamplified video can typically be transmitted 300 feet over CAT5e or 500-1,000 feet over coax cable like RG59 without degradation depending on cable quality. Extenders can boost distances much farther through coax or CAT5e/6.

How do I conceal outdoor security camera wiring?

Strategies include running cables through landscaping, along rain gutters, under eaves, through walls or attics, or in PVC conduit painted to match exterior surfaces. Burying underground also hides wires.

With smart planning and proper materials, you can tackle installing wiring for outdoor security cameras. Pay close attention to code compliance, cable selection, connection integrity, power supplies and surge protection to end up with a high performance system.

How to Choose an Outdoor Security Camera

Choosing the right outdoor security camera for your needs is important for providing effective monitoring and protection. With many models and features to consider, here are some tips for selecting optimal outdoor security cameras:

Wired vs Wireless Outdoor Cameras

One of the first decisions – choose wired or wireless cameras:

• Wired – Hardwired to power source and network. Provide uninterrupted surveillance without batteries. Require cable runs.
• Wireless – Operate on batteries or solar. Easier to install but limited operating time. Some have shorter signal range. WiFi or LTE enabled.

Assess placement, existing wiring, power availability and convenience when deciding between wired or wireless.

Video Resolution

The camera’s video resolution determines image detail and sharpness. Common outdoor camera resolutions:

• 1080p – Delivers high definition detailed video but requires more storage and bandwidth. Good for recognizing faces or license plates.
• 720p – Provides clear HD images for most applications but with lower resource demands than 1080p. A popular resolution for outdoor cameras.
• 480p or lower – Typically adequate for general views and motion detection but not fine details like identification.

Select the highest resolution your budget allows that fits the video quality needs of your particular outdoor spaces.

Night Vision Capabilities

To capture video in low light conditions, outdoor cameras should have night vision via:

• Infrared (IR) LEDs – IR lights illuminate the scene with infrared. Works great up to roughly 50 feet depending on model. Affordable option.
• Thermal Imaging – Detects heat signatures without any light. More expensive but detects people and animals in total darkness at further distances. Unaffected by fog or other challenging conditions.
• Ambient Light – Relies on existing light sources like streetlamps. Supplement when available light is insufficient with IR or thermal cameras.

Ensure your outdoor cameras have adequate night vision reach and technologies for the areas and distances you want to monitor after dark.

Field of View Options

The camera’s field of view (FOV) covers how much area the camera sees:

• Wide Angle – Covers the largest areas but with some fish eye distortion. Suited for close range locations.
• Standard – Ideal for typical monitoring zones. Provides undistorted perspective.
• Long Range – Narrows the FOV to see farther. Limits covered area in favor of distance.
• Adjustable – Motorized FOV that can pan, tilt and zoom (PTZ). Lets you actively change perspective.

Evaluate surveillance needs and select cameras with wide angle, standard or long range FOV best suited where they will be positioned.

Weather and Vandal Resistance

Since cameras are outside, they need protection from:

• Weather – Choose cameras rated for temperature extremes, humidity, rain, snow. IP66 or IP67 rated models are weatherproof.
• Physical Damage – Pick sturdy metal camera housings that resist blunt force. Dome casings deter tampering. Pick models designed against vandalism or spray painting.
• Theft – Select camera bodies that house wiring connections. Use theft deterrent mounts, brackets and casings.

Checking ratings for weather sealing, durability and security discourages damage from outdoor conditions or bad actors.

Smart Home Connectivity

Many outdoor cameras now offer smart features:

• View live video on your smartphone and receive alerts wherever you are.
• Integration with voice assistants like Alexa, Google Assistant or Siri for hands free control.
• Interoperability with other smart home devices like lights, locks, sirens, etc.
• Cloud storage and video management platforms.

Consider whether you want simple cameras or advanced intelligent cameras with smart home ecosystem integration. This impacts cost and complexity.

Choosing outdoor cameras best matched to your specific monitoring needs and installation environment provides quality surveillance coverage day and night. Carefully weigh factors like wiring needs, video clarity, field of view, ruggedness and smart capabilities when selecting outdoor security cameras.

How to Install Security Cameras Under Eaves

Eaves provide an ideal location for mounting security cameras. The overhang shelters the cameras from direct sun and precipitation while facilitating wiring. Here is how to install cameras under eaves:

Pick Camera Models

Choose dome or turret camera styles designed for eave mounting. Ensure the camera rating allows operating in higher heat that accumulates under eaves. Confirm night vision range reaches key areas.

Mark Mounting Spot

Determine the best location under the eave to optimize the camera view. Factor in distance to junction boxes. Mark stud location if screwing bracket into the soffit overhang.

Drill Cable Entry Hole

Drill a hole just large enough for cables in the soffit above the mounting area. A step bit creates a clean hole. Conduit is recommended for a more finished look.

Run Cables

Feed wire from the camera location to the nearest indoor junction box above the soffit. Leave ample slack under the eave for adjusting the camera position. Don’t cut to length yet.

Attach Mounting Bracket

Screw the camera bracket securely into a stud or structural overhang component. Use corrosion resistant screws. Alternatively use mounting tape or clips.

Mount Camera

Attach the camera onto the bracket arm. Adjust position and tightly fix in place when the optimal directional view is achieved. Attach any remaining components like antennae.

Connect Cables

Attach the video and power cables to the camera per the manufacturer guidelines. For PoE cameras