Choose the Right Outdoor Tiles
The type of outdoor tiles you select will depend on the location and your design goals. Consider the following:
- Porcelain or ceramic: Most durable and stain/fade resistant. Withstand freezing and thawing. Best for patios, walkways.
- Natural stone: Sandstone, slate, limestone. Attractive but more porous than ceramic. Sealant needed. Good near pools, patios.
- Mosaic: Small tiles create patterns/images. Use indoors or outdoors. Pool surrounds, backsplashes.
- Concrete: Resemble stone/slate. Durable but can crack. Low maintenance. Patios, walkways.
- Brick: Classic look for patios, walkways. Permeable pavers allow drainage. Can crack over time.
- Rubber: Softer, more flexible. Best around pools, play areas. Permeable options available.
Consider tile material, style, color, pattern, size, and slip-resistance for safety. Make sure the tiles are designed to withstand freezing weather, sun exposure, water, and heavy foot traffic.
Prepare the Installation Surface
Proper prep work ensures tiles adhere securely over time.
- For concrete surfaces, ensure it’s fully cured and clean. Use a concrete degreaser and rinse thoroughly.
- For dirt, remove 4-6 inches of topsoil. Compact gravel sub-base using a tamper. This creates a stable base.
- Any cracks or holes must be patched with concrete filler prior to tiling. Smooth uneven areas.
- Use a leveling compound if the concrete has minor imperfections. This ensures a flat surface.
- Wood or composite decks require a cement backer board fastened securely as the sub-surface.
Make sure the surface is entirely clean before tiles are installed.
Plan Your Tile Layout
Decide on the tile pattern prior to installation. Measure the space and mark the surface with chalk lines to guide the layout.
Consider the following:
- Tile orientation (diagonal vs. grid)
- Random or uniform pattern
- Borders along edges
- Inset designs
- Accent tiles
Mix tile sizes and shapes for visual interest. Have extra tiles on hand in case you need to replace any down the road.
Adhere the Tiles
Outdoor thinset mortar is used to adhere the tiles. Use a notched trowel to spread a layer of thinset onto the surface, then firmly press tiles into the adhesive.
- Cover only a workable area so thinset doesn’t dry out before tiles are applied.
- Use tile spacers between tiles to ensure even grout lines.
- Inspect the back of each tile; use a rubber mallet to flatten any high spots.
- Use a level across tiles to ensure an even surface. Adjust as needed.
- Allow the thinset to cure fully (24-48 hours) before grouting.
Apply Grout and Sealant
Grout fills the joints between the tiles. Use an outdoor-rated grout. Before grouting, dampen the tiles to prevent absorption of water from the grout.
- Apply grout using a rubber grout float. Hold it at a 45° angle and work it into joints.
- Wipe excess grout off the surface using a damp sponge in circular motions. Rinse sponge frequently.
- When grout has cured, use a grout sealer to protect from moisture and stains.
Once grouting is complete, apply an outdoor tile sealer to protect from water damage and make cleaning easier. Re-apply sealer annually.
Tips for Success
- Allow for tile movement. Don’t place tiles rigidly against fixed objects.
- Arrange a mix of grout line widths for visual appeal.
- Use tile edging along perimeters and transitions.
- Arrange tiles vertically on sloped areas to allow drainage.
- Check weather forecast; don’t grout/seal if rain is expected within 24 hours.
Installing outdoor tiles takes careful preparation, quality materials, and proper technique. But done right, it can create an eye-catching and durable focal point in your outdoor space.
Frequently Asked Questions
What type of mortar should be used for outdoor tile?
An outdoor-rated thinset mortar designed for freeze/thaw durability is best. Avoid basic multipurpose mortars. Look for a polymer-modified mortar with high flexibility and adhesion.
Should drainage be added under outdoor tiles?
On ground level patios or walkways, adding a gravel sub-base below the mortar bed improves drainage. For raised surfaces like decks, ensure proper slope and select permeable grout/pavers.
How close can outdoor tiles be installed to a pool?
Tiles can be installed immediately adjacent to a pool, but the transition requires a flexible sealant instead of mortar. Install a pool coping for a finished look.
Can tiles be applied over existing concrete?
Yes, if the concrete is in good condition. Clean thoroughly, apply a concrete bonding primer, and use a latex-modified thinset mortar designed fordirect bond applications.
How long does it take for thinset and grout to fully cure?
Thinset cures in 24-48 hours but wait 72 hours before grouting. Grout takes another 24-48 hours to cure fully. Avoid walking on the tiles during this time.
How can you cut outdoor tiles?
Use a wet saw with a diamond blade designed for tile. For intricate cuts, use a tile nipper. For small notches, use a carbide scorer. Always wear eye protection.
Conclusion
Installing tiles outside requires careful prep and high-quality outdoor-rated materials, but the end result can upgrade your patio, walkway, pool deck, or entryway with eye-catching style. With proper sealing and maintenance, outdoor tiles will provide beauty and enjoyment for years to come. Pay close attention to details like proper slope, drainage, and tile movement at installation.